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1.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 55(9): 692-695, dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-610476

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report the use of sodium diclofenac, an antagonist of PPAR-gamma and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor in the treatment of mild to moderate Graves' ophthalmopathy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with clinical activity score (CAS) 2 to 7 were treated during a period ranging from 3 to 12 months (mean 7.8 ± 3.4) with oral sodium diclofenac, 50 mg every 12 hours. RESULTS: Extra-ocular muscle restriction and CAS improved significantly, p = 0.003 and = 0.004, respectively. Ocular pain and diplopia disappeared, except for one patient who reported improvement of these symptoms. No recurrence was found after interruption of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of moderate Graves' ophthalmopathy with oral sodium diclofenac is a good, safe and less expensive therapeutic option. Like others new treatment trials, findings must be confirmed in a greater number of patients in a controlled study.


OBJETIVO: Relatar o uso do diclofenato de sódio, um antagonista do PPAR-gama e inibidor da ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) no tratamento da leve a moderada oftalmopatia de Graves. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Treze pacientes com CAS (clinical activity score) 2 a 7 foram tratados durante um período de 3 a 12 meses (média 7,6 ± 3,4) com diclofenaco de sódio por via oral na dose de 50 mg a cada 12 horas. RESULTADOS: A restrição da musculatura extraocular e o índice CAS melhoraram de modo significativo, respectivamente p = 0,003 e p = 0,004. A dor ocular e a diplopia desapareceram, com exceção de um paciente que referiu melhora desses sintomas. Não houve recidiva após a interrupção do tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento da oftalmopatia de Graves de média gravidade com diclofenaco de sódio por via oral é uma opção boa, segura e de baixo custo. Como outros novos tratamentos, ele deverá ser confirmado em um maior número de pacientes em estudos controlados.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , /therapeutic use , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Graves Ophthalmopathy/drug therapy , Pilot Projects , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
2.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol ; 55(9): 692-5, 2011 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22231971

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To report the use of sodium diclofenac, an antagonist of PPAR-gamma and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor in the treatment of mild to moderate Graves' ophthalmopathy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirteen patients with clinical activity score (CAS) 2 to 7 were treated during a period ranging from 3 to 12 months (mean 7.8 ± 3.4) with oral sodium diclofenac, 50 mg every 12 hours. RESULTS: Extra-ocular muscle restriction and CAS improved significantly, p = 0.003 and = 0.004, respectively. Ocular pain and diplopia disappeared, except for one patient who reported improvement of these symptoms. No recurrence was found after interruption of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of moderate Graves' ophthalmopathy with oral sodium diclofenac is a good, safe and less expensive therapeutic option. Like others new treatment trials, findings must be confirmed in a greater number of patients in a controlled study.


Subject(s)
Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Graves Ophthalmopathy/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
3.
Thyroid ; 18(6): 655-7, 2008 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18578617

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Mesotherapy consists of cutaneous injections of a mixture of compounds and has recently been used for cosmetic purposes to reduce local fat and cellulite. To date, several reports have described only local adverse events related to this therapy. We describe the first report of a female patient who developed thyrotoxicosis due to cosmetic mesotherapy with triiodothyroacetic acid in its formulation. Apart from mechanical rupture of the epidermal barrier, a disturbance of type III deiodinase activity or skin fibroblast paracrine function and vascular alterations related to simultaneously injected vasoactive compounds were observed. These findings could be related to thyroid hormone metabolite absorption and systemic consequences in the reported case. CONCLUSION: We describe factitious thyrotoxicosis induced by mesotherapy, to raise awareness of a systemic adverse effect resulting from this widespread cosmetic practice.


Subject(s)
Cosmetic Techniques/adverse effects , Thyrotoxicosis/chemically induced , Thyrotoxicosis/diagnosis , Triiodothyronine/analogs & derivatives , Adipose Tissue/drug effects , Adult , Female , Humans , Obesity/drug therapy , Triiodothyronine/adverse effects , Triiodothyronine/therapeutic use
4.
Arq Bras Oftalmol ; 68(4): 445-9, 2005.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16322827

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the results of isolated antral-ethmoidal orbital decompression and that associated with orbital fat removal in patients with dysthyroid orbitopathy. METHODS: Nineteen isolated antral-ethmoidal orbital decompressions were performed in a group of 12 patients (19 orbits) with the diagnosis of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy in the quiescent stage. The same procedure, but in association with orbital fat removal, were performed in another group of 8 patients (10 orbits) also with the diagnosis of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy in the quiescent stage. The results of both groups were compared. RESULTS: In the first group the amount of retroplacement of the globe achieved 1-5 mm (mean 3.68+/-1.10 mm) and in the second group it achieved 1-5 mm (mean 3.25+/-1.36 mm). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference between the results of the isolated antral-ethmoidal orbital decompression and that associated with orbital fat removal. The removal of 1 ml of seems not to improve the retroplacement of the globe as an association with a 2-wall orbital decompression. However, many conditions must be considered to conclude any comparison between the two orbital decompression techniques, such as orbital soft tissue compliance, amount of fat removal and size of bone opening.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/surgery , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Ethmoid Bone/surgery , Graves Ophthalmopathy/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Female , Humans , Lipectomy/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Treatment Outcome
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 68(4): 445-449, jul.-ago. 2005. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-417782

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar os resultados da descompressão orbitária antro-etmoidal isolada àqueles da mesma cirurgia associada à remoção de tecido orbitário em paciente com orbitopatia distiroidiana seqüelar. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 2 modalidades de descompressão orbitária. Ambas tiveram como indicação apenas a correção estética e do desconforto ocular dos pacientes. Todos pacientes se apresentavam na fase inativa da orbitopatia distiroidiana. Em um grupo de 12 pacientes (grupo 2) foram realizadas 19 cirurgias de descompressão orbitária antro-etmoidal isolada. No outro grupo (grupo 1) composto por 8 pacientes foram realizadas 10 cirurgias de descompressão óssea antro-etmoidal associada à remoção de aproximadamente 1 centímetro cúbico de tecido adiposo da órbita. Os resultados das cirurgias nos dois grupos foram comparados entre si. RESULTADOS: No grupo 2 a redução da proptose oscilou entre 1 e 5 mm (média 3,68±1,10 mm) e no grupo 1 variou de 1 a 5 mm (média 3,25±1,36 mm). CONCLUSÕES: Tanto a descompressão óssea isolada como aquela associada à remoção de tecido adiposo orbitário apresentam redução semelhante na proptose, não havendo diferença significativa entre elas. A remoção de gordura temporal inferior, em torno de 1 centímetro cúbico parece não aumentar a redução da proptose quando comparada com a cirurgia descompressiva óssea isolada. Porém fatores como a complacência de tecidos moles, a quantidade de gordura retirada e as janelas ósseas realizadas em cada grupo devem ser considerados na conclusão deste trabalho retrospectivo de comparação entre técnicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Graves Ophthalmopathy/surgery , Ethmoid Bone/surgery , Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Adipose Tissue/surgery , Age Distribution , Lipectomy/methods , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Treatment Outcome
6.
Thyroid ; 13(9): 845-50, 2003 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14588098

ABSTRACT

The mechanisms involved in the increase of orbital retro-ocular adipose tissue that occurs in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) are still unclear. In this condition, the orbital tissue shows glycosaminoglycans deposition produced by activated fibroblasts capable of undergoing adipocytic differentiation. Many genes are involved in adipogenic mechanisms including the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). We evaluated the level of expression of the PPAR-gamma gene in normal and GO orbital adipose/connective tissue specimens using a quantitative and sensitive reverse transcription (RT) competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Our results show that the expression of PPAR-gamma was significantly greater in adipose/connective tissue from patients in the active stage of GO than in controls (150.8 +/- 103.9 and 24.0 +/- 4.9 amol/micro g of total RNA respectively, p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between patients with inactive GO (58.8 +/- 40.6 aM/microg total RNA) and controls. These results suggest that increased PPAR-gamma gene expression in the active stage of GO may be dependent on the inflammatory process in this disease. We speculate that the increased orbital fat tissue observed in GO may be a consequence of the anti-inflammatory PPAR-gamma action.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Connective Tissue/metabolism , Graves Disease/metabolism , Graves Disease/pathology , Orbit/metabolism , Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/biosynthesis , Transcription Factors/biosynthesis , Adipose Tissue/growth & development , Adipose Tissue/pathology , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Gene Expression , Graves Disease/genetics , Graves Disease/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Orbit/growth & development , Orbit/pathology , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics
7.
Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo ; 57(5): 217-22, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12436178

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report a series of 73 patients with endocrine exophthalmos treated by removal of orbital fat using the transpalpebral approach during the period 1989 to 1999. METHODS: The operation was performed according to the technique described by Olivari. Aesthetic analysis was done preoperatively and postoperatively (more than 6 months after surgery). The number of complications was also observed. RESULTS: The average volume of resected fat was approximately 7.6 mL per orbit. No major complication was observed. In 9 patients with epiphora, all improved. One patient developed postoperative diplopia and 5 complained of temporary diplopia. Appearance improved in 62 patients (85%). CONCLUSION: Surgical removal of orbital fat associated with endocrine exophthalmos provides consistent improvement in appearance with a low rate of complications. Additional procedures may be indicated to improve the cosmetic outcome.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/surgery , Graves Disease/surgery , Orbit/surgery , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome
8.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 57(5): 217-222, Sept.-Oct. 2002. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-325553

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To report a series of 73 patients with endocrine exophthalmos treated by removal of orbital fat using the transpalpebral approach during the period 1989 to 1999. METHODS: The operation was performed according to the technique described by Olivari. Aesthetic analysis was done preoperatively and postoperatively (more than 6 months after surgery). The number of complications was also observed. RESULTS: The average volume of resected fat was approximately 7.6 mL per orbit. No major complication was observed. In 9 patients with epiphora, all improved. One patient developed postoperative diplopia and 5 complained of temporary diplopia. Appearance improved in 62 patients (85 percent). CONCLUSION: Surgical removal of orbital fat associated with endocrine exophthalmos provides consistent improvement in appearance with a low rate of complications. Additional procedures may be indicated to improve the cosmetic outcome


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Adipose Tissue , Graves Disease , Orbit , Exophthalmos , Treatment Outcome
9.
J Trace Elem Med Biol ; 16(2): 69-73, 2002.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12195728

ABSTRACT

Dopamine (DA) and zinc (Zn++) share common mechanisms in their inhibition of prolactin (PRL) secretion. Both substances are present in the same brain areas, where Zn++ is released together with DA, suggesting a modulatory effect of Zn++ on dopaminergic receptors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Zn++ supplementation on basal and PRL secretion stimulated by metoclopramide (MCP), a dopaminergic antagonist. Seven healthy men were evaluated in controlled study, where MCP (5 mg) was given intravenously, before and after 3 months of oral Zn++ (25 mg) administration. Our results indicate that chronic Zn++ administration does not change basal or MCP-stimulated plasma PRL secretion suggesting that, in humans, Zn++ does not interfere on PRL secretion mediated through dopaminergic receptors.


Subject(s)
Brain/drug effects , Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology , Metoclopramide/pharmacology , Prolactin/metabolism , Zinc/administration & dosage , Zinc/blood , Adolescent , Adult , Brain/metabolism , Humans , Male , Placebos , Prolactin/blood
10.
Thyroid ; 12(1): 13-8, 2002 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11838725

ABSTRACT

The effects of neonatal hypothyroidism on the number of Leydig cells were studied in neonatal Wistar rats. Moderate or severe hypothyroidism were induced during neonatal life by giving different amounts of methimazole (MMI; 0.05% or 0.1%) in the drinking water of pregnant and lactating dams. Rats were sacrificed on day 21 of postnatal life. Severely hypothyroid rats had approximately 45-fold higher serum thyrotropin (TSH) values and demonstrated approximately a 65% decrease in testes weight (p < 0.05) and the number of Leydig cells. However, in moderately hypothyroid rats, in which serum TSH was only approximately 16-fold higher, testicular weight was normal and the number of Leydig cells almost doubled (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between the serum-free testosterone levels of the moderately and severely hypothyroid rats versus controls. Serum levels of 3alpha-androstanediol glucuronide, although decreased to less than 10% in severely hypothyroid rats (p < 0.01), were not changed by mild hypothyroidism. The number of Sertoli cells was increased in moderately hypothyroid rats versus controls (p < 0.05) and even further increased in severely hypothyroid rats (p < 0.05). We conclude that (1) severe neonatal hypothyroidism impairs the development and function of the testes and (2) moderate neonatal hypothyroidism stimulates the proliferation of Leydig cells.


Subject(s)
Animals, Newborn , Hypothyroidism/pathology , Leydig Cells/pathology , Androstane-3,17-diol/blood , Animals , Cell Count , Hypothyroidism/blood , Hypothyroidism/chemically induced , Male , Methimazole/administration & dosage , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Sertoli Cells/pathology , Testis/pathology , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood
11.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 45(5,supl.2): S796-S796, nov. 2001.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-304884

Subject(s)
Endocrinology , Periodical
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 64(3): 189-194, maio-jun. 2001. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-289238

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados e as complicaçöes da descompressäo orbitária antro-etmoidal em pacientes com orbitopatia distireoidiana. Métodos: 14 pacientes sendo 10 do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 41,7 anos, foram submetidos a 22 cirurgias de descompressäo orbitária. Em 3 cirurgias (2 pacientes), na fase ativa da oftalmopatia a indicaçäo cirúrgica foi ulceraçäo de córnea, com risco de perfuraçäo corneana. Estes pacientes estavam recebendo corticosteróides associados a ciclofosfamida e radioterapia tendo o tratamento prosseguido após a cirurgia. Dezenove órbitas foram operadas em fase inativa da orbitopatia por indicaçäo cosmética associada a desconforto ocular por exposiçäo corneana. Resultados: A reduçäo da proptose oscilou entre 1 e 6 mm (média 3,91 mm). Nos pacientes operados na fase aguda a reduçäo média foi de 5,33 ñ 0,27 mm e na fase sequelar foi de 3,68 ñ 0,25 mm. Nenhum paciente apresentou diplopia conseqüente a cirurgia. Correçäo de estrabismo prexistente foi realizada em 2 pacientes e tarsorrafia temporária foi associada a cirurgia descompressiva nas 3 cirurgias realizadas na fase aguda. Seis pacientes foram subseqüentemente submetidos à correçäo de retraçäo palpebral prexistente. Em uma paciente houve piora da retraçäo palpebral inferior como conseqüência da descompressäo orbitária. Houve diminuiçäo transitória da sensibilidade na regiäo malar em quase todos os pacientes mas em nenhum deles ela foi definitiva. Conclusöes: A descompressäo óssea antro-etmoidal da órbita é eficiente em reduzir a proptose em pacientes com orbitopatia distireoidiana e apresenta baixa incidência de complicaçöes. Associada a outras modalidades terapêuticas pode ser um procedimento útil em casos graves na fase congestiva. Da mesma forma, se mostrou benéfica na reabilitaçäo cosmética de indivíduos na fase seqüelar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Graves Disease/surgery , Exophthalmos/surgery , Postoperative Complications
13.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 52(1): 28-31, jan.-fev. 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-195570

ABSTRACT

O feocromocitoma e um tumor raro, encontrado em 0,1 por cento dos pacientes hipertensos. Os feocromocitomas extra-adrenais ocorrem em 18 por cento dos casos, e destes 10 por cento sao encontrados na bexiga. Descreveremos um caso de feocromocitoma vesical em um homem de 40 anos que por seis anos apresentou crises tipicas com tremores, cefaleia e palpitacao desencadeadas pela miccao. A determinacao das catecolaminas urinaria identificou um aumento nos niveis...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Hypertension/etiology , Pheochromocytoma/diagnosis , Pheochromocytoma/surgery
14.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 54(6): 31-37, jun. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-309833

ABSTRACT

Vinte e cinco portadores de oftalmopatia de Graves, apresentando sinais inflamatórios oftálmicos receberam como tratamento anti-inflamatório apenas radioterapia orbitária com doses entre 1000 e 2000 cGy. O grupo constou de 21 mulheres e 4 homens de 43,6 +/- 15,2 anos, 22 deles em eutiroidismo, 2 em hiper e 1 em hipotiroidismo. O período médio de seguimento foi de 53,4 +/- 48,8 meses. Todos os pacientes apresentavam graus diversos de exoftalmia, edema e vasodilataçäo papebral e conjuntival e distúrbios óculo-motores. Dois pacientes demonstraram também neuropatia óptica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Graves Disease/diagnosis , Radiotherapy , Corneal Edema/diagnosis , Exophthalmos , Hyperthyroidism , Hypothyroidism , Vasodilation
15.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 38(4): 194-8, dez. 1994. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-156189

ABSTRACT

Com o objetivo de discutir peculiaridades clínicas da neoplasia endócrina múltipla (NEM) do tipo 1 säo apresentados oito casos de uma família afetada, dos quais quatro se submetem a investigaçäo médica. Alguns aspectos clínicos se sobressaem nessa série, tais como: o macroprolactinoma em três casos foi o principal responsável pelas manifestaçöes da síndrome e em dois casos mostrou caráter invasivo; incidência maior no sexo masculino; a precocidade do surgimento dos sintomas (21 a 32 anos de idade) e possível ausência de comprometimento pancreático. A falta de comprometimento pancreático sugere que pode se tratar de uma variante incompleta da síndrome de NEM tipo 1, embora o acompanhamento pancreático seja necessário para se confirmar esta hipótese. A adenomectomia hipofisária foi realizada em dois casos, um dos quais faleceu em consequencia de recidiva tumoral e o controle dos níveis de prolactina foi obtido com bromocriptina no outro caso; bromocriptina foi a única terapeutica utilizada no terceiro paciente. Três pacientes realizaram paratiroidectomia total seguido de implante autólogo das paratireóides em dois deles. O implante manteve calcemia normal em ambos os casos. Recomenda-se repetidas determinaçöes de calcemia em todos os portadores de tumor hipofisário, como meio de identificar portadores de NEM do tipo 1


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adult , Bromocriptine/therapeutic use , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/diagnosis , Prolactinoma/diagnosis , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/surgery , Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1/drug therapy , Pituitary Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prolactinoma/drug therapy , Prolactinoma/surgery , Syndrome
16.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 36(4): 132-6, dez. 1992. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-160982

ABSTRACT

Apresenta-se um estudo retrospectivo comparativo entre (i) citologia aspirativa por agulha fina (CAAF) da glândula tireóide, (ii) anatomia patológica, (iii) achados de "imprint" intraoperatório. Os autores estudaram 1750 casos de CAAF da glândula tireóide de pacientes do Hospital do Servidor Público Municipal de Säo Paulo atendidos entre outubro de 1979 e agosto de 1989. A acuidade dos diagnósticos da CAAF e sua fácil metodologia, indicam-na como excelente método para orientar a conduta de tratamento desta patologia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thyroid Diseases/diagnosis , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Thyroid Nodule/diagnosis , Biopsy, Needle , Cytodiagnosis/methods , Intraoperative Period , Retrospective Studies
17.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 47(6): 258-60, nov.-dez. 1992. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-125998

ABSTRACT

O corpo adiposo da orbita e um conjunto que pode ser dividido em dois grupos, um situado externamente ao cone muscular, envolto por fina membrana que emite prolongamentos anteriores denominados bolsas palpebrais. O outro, situado internamente aos musculos extrinsecos, envolve o nervo optico e atravessado pelos ramos do nervo oculomotor, abducente e troclear, que inervam os musculos por sua face interna. Os dois grupos comunicam-se na regiao posterior da orbita. O tratamento do exoftalmo residual pela resseccao parcial do corpo adiposo da orbita externo ao cone muscular pode ser feito atraves de incisoes semelhantes a da blefaroplastia. Este procedimento foi aplicado em seis pacientes e permitiu a remocao de 4 a 10 ml de gordura por orbita com melhoria significativa da proptose e da oclusao palpebral.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Exophthalmos/surgery , Orbit/surgery , Adipose Tissue/surgery , Surgery, Plastic/methods , Graves Disease/pathology
20.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 51(1): 9-12, fev. 1992. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-128680

ABSTRACT

Em 24 tireopatas portadores de retraçäo palpebral superior, uni ou bilateral foi instilado colírio de guanetidina a 5//ou 10//cada 12 horas. 83//obtiveram reduçäo da retraçäo palpebral. 33//dos pacientes tratados desenvolveram alergia ao produto. Após a retirada do colírio, 21//dos pacientes desenvolveram recidiva da retraçäo palpebral. O seguimento foi abandonado por 25//dos pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blepharoptosis/drug therapy , Guanethidine/therapeutic use , Eyelids/abnormalities
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