Photoelectric Properties of GaS1-xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Layered Crystals.

In this study, the photoelectric properties of a complete series of GaS1-xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) layered crystals are investigated. The photoconductivity spectra indicate a decreasing bandgap of GaS1-xSex as the Se composition x increases. Time-resolved photocurrent measurements reveal a significant improvement in the response of GaS1-xSex to light with increasing x. Frequency-dependent photocurrent measurements demonstrate that both pure GaS crystals and GaS1-xSex ternary alloy crystals exhibit a rapid decrease in photocurrents with increasing illumination frequency. Crystals with lower x exhibit a faster decrease in photocurrent. However, pure GaSe crystal maintains its photocurrent significantly even at high frequencies. Measurements for laser-power-dependent photoresponsivity and bias-voltage-dependent photoresponsivity also indicate an increase in the photoresponsivity of GaS1-xSex as x increases. Overall, the photoresponsive performance of GaS1-xSex is enhanced with increasing x, and pure GaSe exhibits the best performance. This result contradicts the findings of previous reports. Additionally, the inverse trends between bandgap and photoresponsivity with increasing x suggest that GaS1-xSex-based photodetectors could potentially offer a high response and wavelength-selectivity for UV and visible light detection. Thus, this work provides novel insights into the photoelectric characteristics of GaS1-xSex layered crystals and highlights their potential for optoelectronic applications.

Facile synthesis ofß-Ga2O3based high-performance electronic devices via direct oxidation of solution-processed transition metal dichalcogenides.

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is a promising wide bandgap semiconductor that is viewed as a contender for the next generation of high-power electronics due to its high theoretical breakdown electric field and large Baliga's figure of merit. Here, we report a facile route of synthesizingß-Ga2O3via direct oxidation conversion using solution-processed two-dimensional (2D) GaS semiconducting nanomaterial. Higher order of crystallinity in x-ray diffraction patterns and full surface coverage formation in scanning electron microscopy images after annealing were achieved. A direct and wide bandgap of 5 eV was calculated, and the synthesizedß-Ga2O3was fabricated as thin film transistors (TFT). Theß-Ga2O3TFT fabricated exhibits remarkable electron mobility (1.28 cm2Vs-1) and a good current ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 2.06 × 105. To further boost the electrical performance and solve the structural imperfections resulting from the exfoliation process of the 2D nanoflakes, we also introduced and doped graphene inß-Ga2O3TFT devices, increasing the electrical device mobility by ∼8-fold and thereby promoting percolation pathways for the charge transport. We found that electron mobility and conductivity increase directly with the graphene doping concentration. From these results, it can be proved that theß-Ga2O3networks have excellent carrier transport properties. The facile and convenient synthesis method successfully developed in this paper makes an outstanding contribution to applying 2D oxide materials in different and emerging optoelectronic applications.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and non-coding RNA.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are common autoimmune diseases that affect skeletal muscle quality and function. The lack of an early diagnosis and treatment can lead to irreversible muscle damage. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an important role in inflammatory transfer, muscle regeneration, differentiation, and regulation of specific antibody levels and pain in IIMs. ncRNAs can be detected in blood and hair; therefore, ncRNAs detection has great potential for diagnosing, preventing, and treating IIMs in conjunction with other methods. However, the specific roles and mechanisms underlying the regulation of IIMs and their subtypes remain unclear. Here, we review the mechanisms by which micro RNAs and long non-coding RNA-messenger RNA networks regulate IIMs to provide a basis for ncRNAs use as diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for IIMs.

Long-term follow-up and comparison of programmable and non-programmable ventricular cerebrospinal fluid shunts among adult patients with different hydrocephalus etiologies: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Programmable valve (PV) has been shown as a solution to the high revision rate in pediatric hydrocephalus patients, but it remains controversial among adults. This study is to compare the overall revision rate, revision cause, and revision-free survival between PV and non-programmable valve (NPV) in adult patients with different hydrocephalus etiologies. METHOD: We reviewed the chart of all patients with hydrocephalus receiving index ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt operations conducted at a single institution from January 2017 to December 2017. Patients included in the study were followed up for at least 5 years. Statistical tests including independent t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used for comparative analysis, and Kaplan-Meier curve using log-rank test was performed to compare the revision-free survival between the PV and NPV groups. RESULTS: A total of 325 patients were included in the study, of which 181 patients were receiving PVs and 144 patients receiving NPV. There were 23 patients (12.8%) with PV and 22 patients (15.3%) with NPV receiving initial revision. No significant statistical difference in the initial revision rate was observed between the two groups (p = 0.52). No survival difference was found between the PV and NPV groups. However, better revision-free survival was noted in the PV group among idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) (p = 0.0274) and post-traumatic hydrocephalus (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of the different etiologies of hydrocephalus and the features of PV and NPV results in different outcomes-revision rate and revision-free survival. PV use might be superior to NPV in iNPH and post-traumatic hydrocephalus patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the indications of PV use in adult hydrocephalus patients.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag@g-C3N4 nanotubes by regulating photogenerated carriers to bypass the recombination center under the Lorentz force.

Photocatalysis, as a form of solar energy conversion, has considerable development prospects for solving energy exhaustion and environmental pollution. Promoting the utilisation of photocarriers is the key way to enhance photocatalytic activity and quantum efficiency. The g-C3N4 with the width of the band gap responsive to visible light, which is a great concern for researchers, was prepared by thermal decomposition and the insides were stripped from the outer wall and then curled to form the nanotubes (NTs), microtubes and shorten the migration distance of the electrons and holes. To promote the separation of the photocarriers in the g-C3N4, Ag particles are deposited by photoreduction as electron "traps" with surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and an external magnetic field is introduced during the photocatalysis. Under the Lorentz force, the photocatalytic efficiency of the Ag@g-C3N4 NTs is 200% higher than that of bulk g-C3N4, as a result of being able to prolong the life of the photogenerated carriers to bypass the recombination sites.

Inverse association between changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and risk of depression: A nationally representative cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Depression is one of complex mental disorders with diverse etiological factors but the association between blood pressure (BP) and depression is unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between changes in BP (systolic and diastolic) and incident depression. METHODS: From the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS), 224,192 participants who underwent biennial health screenings from period I (2004-05) and II (2006-07) were included in the study. Systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) categories were defined as follows: SBP into 5 categories (<90 mmHg, 90 mmHg -119 mmHg, 120 mmHg -129 mmHg, 130 mmHg -139 mmHg, ≥140 mmHg) and DBP into 4 categories (<60 mmHg, 60 mmHg -79 mmHg, 80 mmHg -89 mmHg, ≥90 mmHg). Also, BP levels were classified into 5 groups: normal, elevated BP, stage 1 BP, stage 2 BP, hypotension. Using the Cox proportional hazards regression, changes in SBP and DBP between two screening periods and the risk of depression were calculated by adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: There were 17,780 depression events during 1.5 million person-year of follow-up. Compared to the participants with SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg from both periods, those who decreased SBP from ≥140 mmHg to 120 mmHg-129 mmHg (aHR 1.13; 95 % CI 1.04-1.24; P = 0.001) and those who decreased DBP from ≥90 mmHg to 60 mmHg-79 mmHg (aHR 1.10; 95 % CI 1.02-1.20; P = 0.020) showed a higher risk of depression, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in SBP and DBP showed an inverse relationship with depression risk.

Thyrotoxicosis in patients with a history of Graves' disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (adenovirus vector vaccine): Two case reports.

BACKGROUND: Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which were approved for emergency use have been administered on a large scale globally to contain the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to save lives. Vaccine safety is one of the issues under surveillance and a possible correlation between vaccines and thyroid function has been reported. However, reports of the impact of coronavirus vaccines on those with Graves' disease (GD) are rare. CASE SUMMARY: This paper presents two patients with underlying GD in remission, both developed thyrotoxicosis and one developed thyroid storm following the adenovirus-vectored vaccine (Oxford-AstraZeneca, United Kingdom). The objective of this article is to raise awareness regarding a possible association between COVID-19 vaccination and the onset of thyroid dysfunction in patients with underlying GD in remission. CONCLUSION: Receiving either the mRNA or an adenovirus-vectored vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 could be safe under effective treatment. Vaccine induced thyroid dysfunction has been reported, but the pathophysiology still not well understood. Further investigation is required to evaluate the possible predisposing factors for developing thyrotoxicosis especially in patients with underlying GD. However, early awareness of thyroid dysfunction following vaccination could avoid a life-threatening event.

Advances in research of biological functions of Isthmin-1.

Isthmin-1 (ISM1) was initially thought to be a brain secretory factor, but with the development of technical means of research and the refinement of animal models, numerous studies have shown that this molecule is expressed in multiple tissues, suggesting that it may have multiple biological functions. As a factor that regulates growth and development, ISM1 is expressed in different animals with spatial and temporal variability and can coordinate the normal development of multiple organs. Recent studies have found that under the dependence of a non-insulin pathway, ISM1 can lower blood glucose, inhibit insulin-regulated lipid synthesis, promote protein synthesis, and affect the body's glucolipid and protein metabolism. In addition, ISM1 plays an important role in cancer development by promoting apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis, and by regulating multiple inflammatory pathways to influence the body's immune response. The purpose of this paper is to summarize relevant research results from recent years and to describe the key features of the biological functions of ISM1. We aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the study of ISM1 related diseases, and potential therapeutic strategies. The main biological functions of ISM1. Current studies on the biological functions of ISM1 focus on growth and development, metabolism, and anticancer treatment. During embryonic development, ISM1 is dynamically expressed in the zebrafish, African clawed frog, chick, mouse, and human, is associated with craniofacial malformations, abnormal heart localization, and hematopoietic dysfunction. ISM1 plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and protein metabolism in the body. ISM1 affects cancer development by regulating cellular autophagy, angiogenesis, and the immune microenvironment.

IL-27: a novel cytokine mediating immune related diseases / 生理学报

Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in the regulation of the body's innate and adaptive immunity. Previous studies have shown that IL-27 mediates a variety of inflammatory responses in vivo. With the development of animal models and technical tools, several studies have shown that it is also closely associated with autoimmune diseases and other immune related diseases, and is considered as an important candidate for the treatment of viral disease, autoimmune diseases, tumors and obesity. Therefore, this paper reviews recent progress on the role of IL-27 in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), rheumatoid arthritis, tumors and obesity, with the aim of providing new ideas for the treatment of immune related diseases.

Role of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetes mellitus and exercise intervention / 生理学报

Chronic inflammatory reaction has been established as an important sign of the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus (DM), accompanied by the production of a large number of inflammatory factors, thus aggravating the disease progression. As an important non-invasive intervention measure to inhibit inflammation, exercise plays a very important role in the amelioration of DM. NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a regulatory factor of inflammatory response, can induce a variety of inflammatory cascades and cell death, which are closely related to glucose uptake and dyslipidemia regulation. The development of DM can be postponed with exercise. Previous studies have reported the effects of NLRP3 inflammasome on DM, but the crucial role of exercise in this process remains unclear. Therefore, this paper reviews the research progress on the improving effects of exercise intervention on the symptoms of DM by mediating NLRP3 inflammasome, providing a novel theoretical foundation for understanding the prevention and treatment of DM through exercise.

Potential Role of Silencing Ribonucleic Acid for Esophageal Cancer Treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Esophageal cancer is an aggressive malignancy with high mortality. Optimal treatment of esophageal cancer remains an elusive goal. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference is a novel potential targeted approach to treat esophageal cancer. Targeting oncogenes that can alter critical cellular functions with silencing RNA molecules is a promising approach. The silencing of specific oncogenes in esophageal cancer cells in the experimental setting has been shown to decrease the expression of oncogenic proteins. This has resulted in cell apoptosis, reduction in cell proliferation, reduced invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, decrease in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and overcoming drug resistance. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been shown to be involved in esophageal adenocarcinoma formation in a reflux animal model. In addition to Hh, we will focus on other targets with clinical potential in the treatment of esophageal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched for articles published from 2005 to August 2020 that studied the siRNA effects on inhibiting esophageal cancer formation in experimental settings. We used combinations of the following terms for searching: "esophageal cancer," "RNA interference," "small interfering RNA," "siRNA," "silencing RNA," "Smoothened (Smo)," "Gli," "Bcl-2," "Bcl-XL," "Bcl-W,″ "Mcl-1," "Bfl-1," "STAT3,"and "Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)". A total of 21 relevant articles were found. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Several proto-oncogenes/oncogenes including Hh pathway mediators, glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli-1), Smoothened (Smo), and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 have potential as targets for silencing RNA in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Nonuniformly Nitrogen-Doped Nb2O5 by Prolonging the Lifetime of Photogenerated Holes.

The narrow band gap and significant separation of photogenerated carriers are essential aspects in practical photocatalytic applications. Nitrogen doping usually narrows the band gap of semiconductor oxides, and it enhances photocatalytic activity. Nitrogen-doped Nb2O5 was prepared by a multiple hydrothermal method. The non-metal element N inside the nanostructure, working as the trapping sites for the holes, which were effectively incorporated into the crystal lattice of Nb2O5 semiconductor oxide, remarkably shorten the band gap (3.1 eV) to enhance the visible light response, effectively reducing the photoinduced electron-hole pair recombination and prolonging carrier lifetime. The multilayer coating structure with a gradient concentration distribution and the type of nitrogen doped is favorable for the migration of photoexcited carriers in the bulk of catalysts. The unique multi-layer coating with the micro-concentration gradient of doped nitrogen provides a fast separation channel and jump steps for the separation of electron-hole pairs.

Enhanced Optical Response of Zinc-Doped Tin Disulfide Layered Crystals Grown with the Chemical Vapor Transport Method.

Tin disulfide (SnS2) is a promising semiconductor for use in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Doping plays an essential role in SnS2 applications, because it can increase the functionality of SnS2 by tuning its original properties. In this study, the effect of zinc (Zn) doping on the photoelectric characteristics of SnS2 crystals was explored. The chemical vapor transport method was adopted to grow pristine and Zn-doped SnS2 crystals. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the grown SnS2 crystals were layered materials. The ratio of the normalized photocurrent of the Zn-doped specimen to that of the pristine specimen increased with an increasing illumination frequency, reaching approximately five at 104 Hz. Time-resolved photocurrent measurements revealed that the Zn-doped specimen had shorter rise and fall times and a higher current amplitude than the pristine specimen. The photoresponsivity of the specimens increased with an increasing bias voltage or decreasing laser power. The Zn-doped SnS2 crystals had 7.18 and 3.44 times higher photoresponsivity, respectively, than the pristine crystals at a bias voltage of 20 V and a laser power of 4 × 10-8 W. The experimental results of this study indicate that Zn doping markedly enhances the optical response of SnS2 layered crystals.

[ZHANG Ren's experiences in treatment of diabetic retinopathy with acupuncture].

ZHANG Ren, the chief physician, believes that diabetic retinopathy is located at eye and closely related to qi and yin. He proposes the treatment principle of this disease, i.e. combination of the primary and the secondary, in which, taking the eye as the treatment target and focusing on the symptoms. Acupuncture is provided for activating blood circulation and resolving stasis at the extra points, e.g. Xinming and Shangjianming, and also meridian points, e.g. Cuanzhu (BL 2) and Tongziliao (GB 1). The comprehensive application is emphasized with filiform needle, dermal needle and acupoint injection. Moreover, the mental and physical conditions are treated simultaneously to regulate emotions and the preventive idea is suggested on early treatment and persistent treatment.

Fracture Risks in Patients Treated With Different Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background Evidence on the differences in fracture risk associated with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) and warfarin is inconsistent and inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the fracture risk associated with NOACs and warfarin. Methods and Results We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception until May 19, 2020. We included studies presenting measurements (regardless of primary/secondary/tertiary/safety outcomes) for any fracture in both NOAC and warfarin users. Two or more reviewers independently screened relevant articles, extracted data, and performed quality assessments. Data were retrieved to synthesize the pooled relative risk (RR) of fractures associated with NOACs versus warfarin. Random-effects models were used for data synthesis. We included 29 studies (5 cohort studies and 24 randomized controlled trials) with 388 209 patients. Patients treated with NOACs had lower risks of fracture than those treated with warfarin (pooled RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.91; P<0.001) with low heterogeneity (I2=38.9%). NOACs were also associated with significantly lower risks of hip fracture than warfarin (pooled RR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.98; P=0.023). A nonsignificant trend of lower vertebral fracture risk in NOAC users was also observed (pooled RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.54-1.01; P=0.061). Subgroup analyses for individual NOACs demonstrated that dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban were significantly associated with lower fracture risks. Furthermore, the data synthesis results from randomized controlled trials and real-world cohort studies were quite consistent, indicating the robustness of our findings. Conclusions Compared with warfarin, NOACs are associated with lower risks of bone fracture.

Association of Thyroid Hormone Therapy with Mortality in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

CONTEXT: Benefits of thyroid hormone therapy on mortality in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism remain undetermined. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the impact of thyroid hormone therapy on mortality in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov from inception until April 25, 2020. STUDY SELECTION: Studies comparing the effect of thyroid hormone therapy with that of placebo or no therapy in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism on all-cause and/or cardiovascular mortality. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data and performed quality assessments. Random-effects models for meta-analyses were used. DATA SYNTHESIS: Five observational studies and 2 randomized controlled trials with 21 055 adults were included. Overall, thyroid hormone therapy was not significantly associated with all-cause (pooled relative risk [RR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75-1.22, P = .704) or cardiovascular (pooled RR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.82-1.20, P = .946) mortality. Subgroup analyses revealed that in younger adults (aged <65-70 years), thyroid hormone therapy was significantly associated with a lower all-cause (pooled RR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.85, P = .011) and cardiovascular (pooled RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.37-0.80, P = .002) mortality. However, no significant association between thyroid hormone therapy and mortality was observed in older adults (aged ≥65-70 years). CONCLUSIONS: Use of thyroid hormone therapy does not provide protective effects on mortality in older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. However, thyroid hormone therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism may show benefits on morality in adults aged <65 to 70 years.

The resolution of carotid arterial thrombus by oral anticoagulation after IV thrombolysis for chemotherapy-induced stroke: A case report.

RATIONALE: Cancer-related stroke has been regarded as an emerging subtype of ischemic event. Acute treatment for this subtype may include the antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, or endovascular intervention. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 63-year-old woman with sudden-onset right hemiparesis and conscious change was sent to our emergency department. The patient had underlying sigmoid adenocarcinoma and received chemotherapy FOLFIRI (FOL, folinic acid; F, fluorouracil; and IRI, irinotecan) with targeted therapy cetuximab following lower anterior resection since the diagnosis was made. DIAGNOSES: Brain magnetic resonance angiography revealed a filling defect in left carotid bulb, and neurosonography showed a thick atherosclerotic plaque (size 4.9 mm) in the left internal carotid artery on day 5 after the onset of stroke. INTERVENTIONS: During the first three hours after onset, administration of IV tissue plasminogen activator did not resolve the thrombus. Dabigatran (110 mg bid) started on day 7. OUTCOMES: The atherosclerotic plaque dissolved on day 24. The patient recovered her muscle strength but still had nonfluent speech in mild extent. LESSONS: Thrombolytic and anticoagulant medications in this patient suggested the thrombus formation with fibrin-rich content which may be attributable to both cancer and chemotherapy. Dabigatran, an oral anticoagulant, had a benefit for this subtype of ischemic stroke among patients with cancer.

[Professor ZHANG Ren's experience of stage treatment for refractory facial paralysis].

To introduce professor ZHANG Ren's experience that different stages of refractory facial paralysis should be treated with different acupuncture methods.In early stage of facial paralysis,identifcation is important. Electroacupuncture is applied to connect Qianzheng (Extra) with Cuanzhu (BL 2), Sibai (ST 2) and Jiachengjiang (Extra), by observing the twitches of facial muscles, it is determined whether it is easy to develop into refractory facial paralysis, in order to actively take preventive treatment. In the recovery stage of refractory facial paralysis, comprehensive therapy including acupuncture, acupoint injection, quick cupping and auricular point pressure are adopted, and penetration needling is applied at three points of mouth, three points of cheek and three points of forehead.In the sequelae stage of refractory facial paralysis，on the basis of comprehensive therapy, targeted treatment is adopted according to different sequelae.

Relationship between Nanomechanical Responses of Interfacial Intermetallic Compound Layers and Impact Reliability of Solder Joints.

This study aims to evaluate solder joint reliability under high speed impact tests using nanoindentation properties of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the joint interface. Sn-Ag based solder joints with different kinds of interfacial IMCs were obtained through the design of solder alloy/substrate material combinations. Nanoindentation was applied to investigate the mechanical properties of IMCs, including hardness, Young's modulus, work hardening exponent, yield strength, and plastic ability. Experimental results suggest that nanoindentation responses of IMCs at joint interface definitely dominates joint impact performance. The greater the plastic ability the interfacial IMC exhibits, the superior impact energy the solder joints possess. The concept of mechanical and geometrical discontinuities was also proposed to explain brittle fracture of the solder joints with bi-layer interfacial IMCs subject to impact load.

A Graphene/Polycrystalline Silicon Photodiode and Its Integration in a Photodiode-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor.

In recent years, the characteristics of the graphene/crystalline silicon junction have been frequently discussed in the literature, but study of the graphene/polycrystalline silicon junction and its potential applications is hardly found. The present work reports the observation of the electrical and optoelectronic characteristics of a graphene/polycrystalline silicon junction and explores one possible usage of the junction. The current-voltage curve of the junction was measured to show the typical exponential behavior that can be seen in a forward biased diode, and the photovoltage of the junction showed a logarithmic dependence on light intensity. A new phototransistor named the "photodiode-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (PDOSFET)" was further proposed and verified in this work. In the PDOSFET, a graphene/polycrystalline silicon photodiode was directly merged on top of the gate oxide of a conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). The magnitude of the channel current of this phototransistor showed a logarithmic dependence on the illumination level. It is shown in this work that the PDOSFET facilitates a better pixel design in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, especially beneficial for high dynamic range (HDR) image detection.