An Early and Sustained Inflammatory State Induces Muscle Changes and Establishes Obesogenic Characteristics in Wistar Rats Exposed to the MSG-Induced Obesity Model.

The model of obesity induced by monosodium glutamate cytotoxicity on the hypothalamic nuclei is widely used in the literature. However, MSG promotes persistent muscle changes and there is a significant lack of studies that seek to elucidate the mechanisms by which damage refractory to reversal is established. This study aimed to investigate the early and chronic effects of MSG induction of obesity upon systemic and muscular parameters of Wistar rats. The animals were exposed to MSG subcutaneously (4 mg·g-1 b.w.) or saline (1.25 mg·g-1 b.w.) daily from PND01 to PND05 (n = 24). Afterwards, in PND15, 12 animals were euthanized to determine the plasma and inflammatory profile and to assess muscle damage. In PND142, the remaining animals were euthanized, and samples for histological and biochemical analyses were obtained. Our results suggest that early exposure to MSG reduced growth, increased adiposity, and inducted hyperinsulinemia and a pro-inflammatory scenario. In adulthood, the following were observed: peripheral insulin resistance, increased fibrosis, oxidative distress, and a reduction in muscle mass, oxidative capacity, and neuromuscular junctions, increased fibrosis, and oxidative distress. Thus, we can conclude that the condition found in adult life and the difficulty restoring in the muscle profile is related to the metabolic damage established early on.

Whole-Body Vibration Promotes Skeletal Muscle Restructuring and Reduced Obesogenic Effect of MSG in Wistar Rats.

The negative changes of obesity to the locomotor system are a major concern in the current scenario, where obesity and metabolic syndrome are recurrent in Western societies. A physical exercise is an important tool as a way to rehabilitate obesity, highlighting whole-body vibration, as it is an easy-access modality with few restrictions. In this sense, we sought to evaluate the effect of whole-body vibration on the extensor digitorum longus muscle on a monosodium glutamate-induced obesity model. The main findings of the present study are related to the ability of the treatment with vibration to reduce the obesogenic characteristics and slow down the dyslipidemic condition of the animals. Likewise, the vibration promoted by the vibrating platform was essential in the recovery of the muscle structure, as well as the recovery of the muscle's oxidative capacity, initially compromised by obesity.

Whole-body vibration promotes lipid mobilization in hypothalamic obesity rat.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) on metabolic parameters using the monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) model of obesity. METHOD: MSG-obese rats that were exposed to WBV on a vibrating platform with 60 Hz frequency, 2 mm amplitude, three times/week, 10 min/day, during eight weeks (from postnatal day (PN) 80 to PN136). Blood glucose, creatine kinases (CK and CK-MB) and lipid profile through plasma and liver levels of lipids and lipoproteins were evaluated. Morphology and oxidative stress of adipose and hepatic tissues were further evaluated. RESULTS: When performing a WBV exercise, animals showed contrasting metabolic responses. Vibration Control group (CTL-WBV) presented a reduction in CK and liver triacylglycerol, an increase in glucose, lactate, total cholesterol, liver cholesterol, and LDL while MSG Vibration group (MSG-WBV) showed an increase in total triacylglycerol, VLDL, lactate, CK, liver cholesterol, additional liver lipid peroxidation and LDL, total cholesterol and CKMB reduction. CONCLUSION: Even although the MSG is a model of impacting injury, the metabolic demand of WBV exercise was able to induce mobilization of substrates, highlighting the lipid mobilization in obese animals, it should be used as a metabolic rehabilitation tool in patients with metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes.

Alterations in neuromuscular junctions and oxidative stress of the soleus muscle of obese Wistar rats caused by vibratory platform training.

OBJECTIVES: evaluate the effects that whole-body vibration (WBV) causes on the neuromuscular junctions and oxidative stress of the soleus muscle of obese Wistar rats. METHODS: 32 male Wistar rats were used, 16 of which were obesity induced by monosodium glutamate, randomized into four groups: control (GC), control with WBV (GCP), obese (GO) and obese with WBV (GOP). At the 70 days old, the training on WBV was started, performed 3 times a week, during 8 consecutive weeks. At the 130 days old, the animals were euthanized and the soleus muscles were collected. RESULTS: Regarding the analysis of the neuromuscular junctions, the obese groups had lower mean size when compared to the control groups. On the other hand, the WBV presented higher averages when compared to the groups that did not perform the training. Regarding the oxidative stress, for the lipid peroxidation there was a significant difference between obese and non-obese animals, however, there was no difference between the animals WBV and those who did not. CONCLUSION: WBV promotes beneficial changes such as increased measurements of the structures of the neuromuscular junctions, but is not able to promote changes in the concentration of the cholinesterase enzyme in the synaptic cleft.

Percepção do cuidador familiar de idosos dependentes sobre o papel do profissional da saúde em sua atividade / The perception of dependent elderly’s family caregiver of the role of the health professional in their activity

Objetivo: Conhecer a opinião de cuidadores de idosos dependentes sobre a atuação do profissional de saúde a fim de auxiliá-los no desempenho de suas funções. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo descritivo-exploratório com amostra composta por cuidadores de familiares de idosos dependentes. A coleta de dados foi baseada na pergunta orientadora: Na sua opinião, como os profissionais da saúde poderiam ajudar você a ser um bom cuidador(a) de idosos dependentes? Resultados: Foram entrevistados 13 cuidadores. Por meio da análise das falas transcritas foi possível obter três categorias temáticas: (1) desconhecimento de alguns cuidadores sobre como os profissionais da saúde podem auxiliá-lo em sua atividade; (2) orientações e demonstrações poderiam auxiliar o cuidador e o idoso dependente; (3) ajuda psicológica e redes de apoio: fundamental para o idoso e também para o cuidador. Conclusão: A maioria dos entrevistados não recebeu informações e orientações necessárias para realizar os cuidados específicos com o idoso de maneira adequada, evidenciando a importância da atuação dos profissionais da saúde no sentido de repassar orientações e promover treinamento de habilidades específicas, fornecer ajuda psicológica especializada e estimular a formação de grupos de apoio para auxiliar o cuidador e o idoso dependente.

Objective: To know the opinion of caregivers of dependent elderly on how health professionals can work to help him/her to be a good caregiver. Material and Methods: This is a qualitative, exploratory descriptive study with sample consisting of family caregivers of dependent elderly. Data collection was based on the following question: What do you think health professionals could do to help you to be a good caregiver of dependent elderly? Results: Thirteen caregivers were interviewed. The analysis of transcribed speech identified the following three themes: (1) Unawareness of some caregivers about the assistance given by health professionals to improve their activity, (2) Guidelines and demonstrations could help caregivers and dependent elderly, (3) Psychological help and support networks: essential for the elderly and for the caregiver. Conclusion: Most respondents did not receive the information and directions required to provide the appropriate care for the elderly, emphasizing the importanceof the role of health professionals to guide and promote specific skills training, provide specialized psychological assistance and stimulate the creation of support groups to help both the caregiver and thedependent elderly.