ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recently, a new enteropathy has been described: olmesartan-associated enteropathy. However, the association has been questioned: a phase 3 trial and a cohort study found no association between gastrointestinal events and olmesartan. AIM: To collect French cases of sartan-associated enteropathy to describe further this entity, confirm or refute causality, and determine if the association exists with other sartans. METHODS: French gastroenterologists were invited to report cases of sartan-associated enteropathy and collect clinical, biological and histological data. Patients with diarrhoea and histological duodenal abnormalities were included. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients with olmesartan-associated enteropathy were reported, including 32 with villous atrophy and four without. There was only one patient with irbesartan-associated enteropathy. None of the patients died. Patients with villous atrophy had diarrhoea, vomiting, renal failure, hypokalaemia, body weight loss and hypoalbuminaemia. Thirty-one patients were hospitalised; four required intensive care. Anti-transglutaminase and anti-enterocyte antibodies were negative; anti-nuclear antibodies were positive (9/11). Endoscopic duodenal biopsies showed villous atrophy (32/32) and polyclonal intra-epithelial CD3+CD8+ lymphocytosis (11/11). Exactly, 14/15 patients responded to steroids and/or immunosuppressants, prescribed because of suspected autoimmune enteropathy. Ten olmesartan interruptions were followed by reintroductions before steroids or immunosuppressants. Interruptions were followed by remissions (9/10), but reintroductions were followed by relapses (9/9). Twenty-nine patients were in remission since olmesartan interruption, including 26 without immunosuppressants. Patients with normal villi had similar clinical characteristics, but mild histological abnormalities (intra-epithelial lymphocytosis and lamina propria lymphocytic infiltration). CONCLUSIONS: Olmesartan causes a severe and immune-mediated enteropathy, with or without villous atrophy. Enteropathy associated with other sartans seems to be very rare.
Subject(s)
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/adverse effects , Data Collection , Gastrointestinal Diseases/chemically induced , Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology , Imidazoles/adverse effects , Tetrazoles/adverse effects , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cohort Studies , Data Collection/methods , Diarrhea/chemically induced , Diarrhea/diagnosis , Diarrhea/epidemiology , Female , France/epidemiology , Gastrointestinal Diseases/diagnosis , Humans , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Endosonography , Esophageal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Esophagoscopy , Hodgkin Disease/diagnosis , Mediastinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Adult , Deglutition Disorders/etiology , Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Humans , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Male , Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Abdominal tuberculosis is rarely encountered in developed countries, representing less than 1% of all forms of tuberculosis. There has however been a revival over the last few years. CASE REPORTS: The initial diagnoses suspected in two young multiparous patients who had immigrated to France were malignant lymphoma and ovarian carcinoma. After the final diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis was made, the clinical course rapidly improved. DISCUSSION: Any abdominal organ may be involved in this localization of tuberculosis, but symptoms are not specific and diagnosis can often be missed. Tumor-forming abdominal mass is an exceptional finding and often mimics malignancy. Clinicians should be aware of this localization, particularly in light of epidemiological features, and examine all modern diagnostic procedures.
