[The relationship between indicators of drug users detection and the population referral to drug treatment services]. / Sviaz' mezhdu pokazateliami vyiavleniia potrebitelei narkotikov i obrashchaemost'iu naseleniia za narkologicheskoi pomoshch'iu.

AIM: To examine the relationship between the results of drug users' identification through medical examination for drug intoxication and the rates of primary population' referral for drug treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data of the state federal statistical observation for period of 2009-2013 were used. Methods of descriptive statistics and regression analysis were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It has been established that the identification of drug users during medical examination of citizens for the state of drug intoxication has a statistically significant effect on the population' drug treatment referral rates. According to linear regression equations, out of each 100 cases identified through medical examination, only 15 patients referred to drug treatment services. From practical point of view, the influence of the first indicator on the second one is not high: an increase in the number of identified drug users for each 100 cases leads to an increase in referral rate of patients with drug dependence syndrome for 2 cases, while the referral rate of drug users with established diagnosis of the harmful use of drugs increases for 10 patients. The results of the study highlight the urgent need for developing secondary prevention programs for those diagnosed with the harmful use of drugs. There is also a question of further improvement of legislation in the field of law-governed motivation of exposed drug users to seek drug treatment.

[Effect of home-made narcotics on infectious activity of HIV-1]. / Vliianie narkoticheskikh veshchestv, izgotavlivaemykh kustarnym sposobom, na infektsionnuiu aktivnost' VICh-1.

The stability of human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1), strain IIIB, was studied in liquid preparations of homemade drugs. The "Vint" preparation (containing Methamphetamine and obtained from Ephedrine) as well as "Khanka" (a liquid surrogate opiate made from poppy straw) were analyzed within the case study. HIV-1/IIIB was shown to maintain its infectious activity in "Khanka" at room temperature for least 7 days. The HIV-1 activity in neutralized "Vint" did not essentially change after a 30-minute incubation at pH 7.0. While an incubation in the acid "Vint" solution entailed a more rapidly decreasing activity. However, the virus infection ability preserved during the entire time period, during which the drug was fit for injections, i.e. for 30 minutes at room temperature or for 20 hours at 4 degrees C. Therefore, the infection virus could well preserve in the "Khanka" and "Vint" solutions after its entry, with infected blood, of large volumes of the discussed drugs. The mentioned big volumes of HIV-1 contaminated drugs, shared later into ready-to-use portions, could be the cause for HIV-1 dissemination among those who practice the parenteral administration of these substances. Besides, "Khanka" was shown to have little or no effect on the virus replication to cell culture MT-4. Its presence brought about an insignificant 1.5-fold increase in the viral stock (observed on days 2 and 3 after contamination) only when 2 x 10(5) MT-4 cells per ml and HIV-1/IIIB TCID 50 0.005 were used.