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1.
Appl. cancer res ; 39: 1-4, 2019.
Article in English | LILACS, Inca | ID: biblio-1254174

ABSTRACT

Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide with high incidences in Asia, Central, and South American countries. This patchy distribution means that GC studies are neglected by large research centers from developed countries. The need for further understanding of this complex disease, including the local importance of epidemiological factors and the rich ancestral admixture found in Brazil, stimulated the implementation of the GE4GAC project. GE4GAC aims to embrace epidemiological, clinical, molecular and microbiological data from Brazilian controls and patients with malignant and pre-malignant gastric disease. In this letter, we summarize the main goals of the project, including subject and sample accrual and current findings


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology , Brazil , Adenocarcinoma , Projects
2.
Clinics (Sao Paulo) ; 67(11): 1285-90, 2012 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23184205

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT axis is an important cell-signaling pathway that mediates cell proliferation and survival, two biological processes that regulate malignant cell growth. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA gene encodes the p110α subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase protein. There are phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA mutations in several types of human tumors, and they are frequently observed in breast cancer. However, these mutations have not been investigated in Brazilian breast cancer patients. METHODS: PCR-SSCP and direct DNA sequencing were performed to identify phosphatidylinositol 3-kinaseCA exon 9 and exon 20 mutations in 86 patients with sporadic breast cancer. The relationships between PIK3CA mutations and patient clinicopathological characteristics and survival were analyzed. The presence of the TP53 mutation was also examined. RESULTS: Twenty-three (27%) of the 86 primary breast tumors contained PIK3CA mutations. In exons 9 and 20, we identified the hotspot mutations E542K, E545K, and H1047R, and we identified two new missense mutations (I1022V and L1028S) and one nonsense (R992X) mutation. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA exon 20 mutations were associated with poor overall survival and TP53 gene mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA mutations are common in tumors in Brazilian breast cancer patients, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA and TP53 mutations are not mutually exclusive. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA exon 20 mutations are associated with poor survival, and they may be useful biomarkers for identifying breast cancer patients with aggressive tumors and for predicting the response to treatment with PI3K pathway inhibitors.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Mutation/genetics , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Base Sequence/genetics , Brazil , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Epidemiologic Methods , Exons/genetics , Female , Genes, p53/genetics , Humans , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction
3.
Clinics ; 67(11): 1285-1290, Nov. 2012. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-656719

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT axis is an important cell-signaling pathway that mediates cell proliferation and survival, two biological processes that regulate malignant cell growth. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA gene encodes the p110α subunit of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase protein. There are phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA mutations in several types of human tumors, and they are frequently observed in breast cancer. However, these mutations have not been investigated in Brazilian breast cancer patients. METHODS: PCR-SSCP and direct DNA sequencing were performed to identify phosphatidylinositol 3-kinaseCA exon 9 and exon 20 mutations in 86 patients with sporadic breast cancer. The relationships between PIK3CA mutations and patient clinicopathological characteristics and survival were analyzed. The presence of the TP53 mutation was also examined. RESULTS: Twenty-three (27%) of the 86 primary breast tumors contained PIK3CA mutations. In exons 9 and 20, we identified the hotspot mutations E542K, E545K, and H1047R, and we identified two new missense mutations (I1022V and L1028S) and one nonsense (R992X) mutation. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA exon 20 mutations were associated with poor overall survival and TP53 gene mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA mutations are common in tumors in Brazilian breast cancer patients, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA and TP53 mutations are not mutually exclusive. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase CA exon 20 mutations are associated with poor survival, and they may be useful biomarkers for identifying breast cancer patients with aggressive tumors and for predicting the response to treatment with PI3K pathway inhibitors.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Mutation/genetics , /genetics , Brazil , Base Sequence/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Epidemiologic Methods , Exons/genetics , /genetics , Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins , Polymerase Chain Reaction
4.
Fam Cancer ; 11(4): 657-60, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22829013

ABSTRACT

We have screened BRCA2 c.156_157insAlu founder mutation in a cohort of 168 women with diagnosis of breast cancer referred for genetic counseling because of risk of being carriers of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome. Portuguese founder mutation BRCA2 c.156_157insAlu was identified in three unrelated breast cancer probands. Genotyping identified a common haplotype between markers D13S260 and D13S171, and allele sizes were compatible to those described in the Portuguese families. Allele sizes of marker D13S1246, however, were concordant in two families, suggesting that the haplotype may be larger in a subset of families. Tumor phenotypes in Brazilian families seem to reinforce the high prevalence of breast cancer among affected males. However, an apparent excess of gastrointestinal and tongue neoplasias were also observed in these families. Although these tumors are not part of the phenotypic spectrum of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, they might be accounted for by other risk alleles contained in the founder haplotype region.


Subject(s)
BRCA2 Protein/genetics , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Founder Effect , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/etiology , Germ-Line Mutation/genetics , Ovarian Neoplasms/complications , Tongue Neoplasms/etiology , Adult , Aged , BRCA1 Protein/genetics , Base Sequence , Brazil/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , DNA/analysis , DNA/genetics , Female , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/epidemiology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genetic Testing , Heterozygote , Humans , Middle Aged , Molecular Sequence Data , Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology , Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics , Pedigree , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prognosis , Tongue Neoplasms/epidemiology
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