[Properties of CRF02_AG HIV-1 isolates circulating in Novosibirsk region].

AIM: Study of circulating 02_AG recombinant form HIV-1 isolates that have been rapidly spreading in Novosibirsk region during 3 recent years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: WHO protocol for primary HIV isolation was used, automatic sequencer was used for genetic characterization of isolates. Virus specific RNA were isolated and env HIV-1 region DNA fragments were processed. Phylogenetic analysis was also performed. RESULTS: CRF_02AG HIV-1 isolated from peripheral blood of HIV-1 positive patients belonged to CCR5 tropic viruses and had various reproduction characteristics. Most of the HIV isolated were rapidly replicating virus variants characterized by an ability to accumulate high levels of virus protein p24 in cultural fluid. Infectivity and reproductive properties of HIV isolates were confirmed in experimental infection by using clarified cultural liquid of mononuclear cells from healthy donors. Phylogenetic analysis of CRF02_AG HIV-1 variants isolated in Novosibirsk region in 2007 - 2010 showed the formation of a separate outbreak in the area caused by emergence of CRF02_AG HIV-1 in human population. CONCLUSION: A collection of genetically and biologically characterized CRF02_AG HIV-1 isolates that has not been spreading previously in Russia.

[New recombinant variant of human immunodeficiency virus of type 1, subtype envB/envA, isolated in Novosibirsk]. / Novyi rekombinantnyi variant subtipa envB/envA VICH-1, vydelennyi v Novosibirske.

The nucleotide sequence of the variant of human immunodeficiency virus of type 1 (HIV-1), mostly widespread on the territory of the Novosibirsk region, was determined. The analysis of the nucleotide sequence confirmed that this variant belonged to HIV-1 of subtype A. The HIV-1 recombinant variant of subtype envB/envA with the recombination area within the second conservative region C2 of gene env, so far unknown, was detected and characterized. In HIV-1 the area at the beginning of gene env (5'-env) was found to belong to subtype B and the sequence at the end of gene env (3'-env), to subtype A. The analysis of the amino acid sequence of the third variable region of gene env demonstrated that the viruses under study belonged to macrophagotropic "slow/low" variants, characterized by low replication speed. The analysis of nucleotide sequences of the isolated variants of HIV-1 revealed their close genetic relationship with HIV-1 isolates circulating on the territory of Ukraine.

[Molecular epidemiological analysis of the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the Novosibirsk region]. / Molekuliarno-biologicheskii analiz rasprostraneniia VICH-infektsii v Novosibirskoi oblasti.

The dynamics of the spread of individual subtypes of type 1 HIV (HIV-1), circulating in the Novosibirsk region during the epidemic rise of HIV infection was under study. The epidemic of HIV-1 in Novosibirsk has a pattern similar to that in Russia as a whole. At the initial stage of epidemics multiple sources of virus determine the heterogeneity of the isolated subtypes of HIV-1. Then the parenteral route of HIV transmission, connected with the intravenous use of narcotic drugs, becomes dominant. Recently the spread of HIV-1 from the group of intravenous drug users to other groups of the population has been observed. In the circulation of HIV-1 among drug users the leading role was shown to belong to subtype A, which ensures its rapid spread and dominating role in the epidemic process. Further spread of the HIV-1 epidemic is expected to proceed in parallel to the spread of viral hepatitis, sexually transmitted diseases and drug addiction. Thus, HIV-1, subtype A, may be assumed to be dominant in the Novosibirsk region in the nearest future.

[Modification of mouse resistance to A/Aichi/2/68 influenza virus by a glucocorticoid immunosuppressant kenalog]. / Izmenenie ustoichivosti myshei k virusu grippa A/AIChI/2/68 pod vliianiem gliukokortikoidnogo immunodepressanta kenaloga.

Changes in the virulence of influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 LD50 were studied in albino mice with immunosuppression induced by long-acting glucocorticoid kenalog (Kn). In high doses (5 and 10 micrograms/g) Kn induced a decrease in the adrenal, thymic, and splenic weight, which is typical of steroid immunosuppression. The susceptibility of mice preinjected with Kn to the virus increased more than ten-fold, judging by a decrease in LD50. The detected shifts may be due to disorders in lung tissue resistance and reactivity of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils observed previously in induced glucocorticism.

[The problem of hepatitis infection in dentistry]. / Problema gepatitnoi infektsii v stomatologii.

The incidence of hepatitis B is increasing all over the world. The parenteral route of infection is one of the principal. A considerable number of cases are caused by infection of patients at therapeutic institutions, including dental clinics. Medical workers are at risk of the infection, too. One main cause is neglect of sanitary antiepidemic measures: manipulations without gloves, veils, protective eyeglasses; lack of disposable instruments, poor cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization of hardware. Awareness and alertness of medical personnel is an important factor. Since dental care is a most prevalent kind of medical service, urgent measures are needed to decrease the risk of nosocomial infection with hepatitis for both patients and staff.

[Macrophage disappearance reaction in mice during an infection caused by Coxsackie B3 virus]. / Reaktsiia ischeznoveniia makrofagov pri infektsii myshei, byzvannoi virusom Koksaki B3.

Intraperitoneal inoculation of 2 1/2-3-month-old male BALB/c mice with Coxsackie B3 virus in a dose of 10(7.2) TCD50 was demonstrated to be accompanied by inhibition of the starch-induced exudation of leukocytes into the peritoneal cavity. A decrease in the number of macrophages was observed in 3-day exudates induced at 4 and 21 days but not at 0, 7, and 14 days of infection. The macrophage disappearance reaction showed that the intraperitoneal inoculation of the challenge virus dose (10(7.2) TCD50) was not accompanied at 4-5 hours by changes in the absolute number of macrophages in the pre-existing exudates, but an increase in the absolute number of lymphocytes was observed in the exudates induced at 0, 4, 7, and 14 days of infection, and of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in exudates induced at all the intervals studied. It is assumed that these changes, depending on the period of infection, may be determined by immunological and non-immunological mechanisms.

[Diabetogenic properties of Coxsackie A13 and Coxsackie B4 viruses in experimental infection in mice]. / Diabetogennye svoistva virusov Koksaki A13 i Koksaki B4 pri éksperimental'noi infektsii u myshei.

Studies of diabetogenic properties of Coxsackie A13 and B4 viruses in mice sensitive to diabetes (males, DBA line) and resistant (males and females F1(CBA X C57BL/6), females DBA/2 using in the latter case the subdiabetogenic doses of alloxan revealed in the infected animals biochemical changes manifested by reduction of glucose tolerance and disorders in the synthesis of immunoreactive insulin. Most marked changes were observed in males of DBA/2 line infected with Coxsackie B4 virus and in males F1 (CBA X C57BL/6) and females DBA/2 infected with Coxsackie A14 virus. With Coxsackie A13 virus such data have been obtained for the first time.

[Effect of Coxsackie A13 and B3 virus infections on the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes]. / Vliianie Koksaki A13 i B3 virusnoi infektsii na pervichnyi immunnyi otvet k éritrotsitam barana.

Inbred BALB/c mice of various ages (1 1/2, 3, and 5 months) inoculated with different doses of Coxsackie B3 virus showed reduced antibody responsiveness after immunization with sheep red blood cells 3-10 days after the primary infection. Reduced antibody response exhibited by spleen cells was observed in 7-month-old mice infected with Coxsackie A13 virus 10-11 days after infection.

[Experimental diabetes in mice infected with Coxsackie viruses]. / Eksperimental'nyi diabet u myshei, infitsirovannykh virusami Koksaki.

The influence of Coxsackie B4 and AI3 viruses on the pancreas of mice (resistant and susceptible to diabetes) was studied. Glucose intolerance and changes in the synthesis of immunoreactive insulin were detected in all the treated groups of animals. Biochemical changes were more prominent in male DBA/2 mice, infected with Coxsackie B4 virus, in FI (CBA X C57Bl/6) hybrids and in female DBA/2 mice infected with Coxsackie AI3 virus and alloxan.