ABSTRACT
The ASTM Standard Test Method for Resistance of Protective Clothing Materials to Permeation by Liquids and Gases (F 739-85) and the recommended permeation cell have been modified to permit the testing of protective clothing materials for permeation by the low volatility, low water solubility active ingredients present in many pesticide formulations. The modification makes use of solid collection medium, a thin (0.02-in. thick) sheet of silicone rubber, to collect permeants. Those compounds permeating the protective material can then be desorbed into an appropriate solvent and analyzed using conventional methods and instruments. A series of permeation tests have been conducted using samples of 10 common, commercially available protective glove materials and the modified cell. Permeation of the active ingredient as well as carrier solvent components of several concentrated pesticide formulations containing low volatility, low water solubility active ingredients and aromatic hydrocarbon carrier solvents has been monitored. The relative breakthrough and the total mass of material permeating the glove materials appears to be strongly related to the concentration of the aromatic carrier solvent present in the formulations studied to date. The collection method was found to be less useful for monitoring the permeation of active ingredients, which have reasonably high water solubilities. The results obtained by using this method with samples of protective glove materials challenged by several concentrated pesticide formulations are described. For these formulations containing xylene boiling range aromatic solvents, gloves made of nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, and Silver Shield were most resistant to permeation; natural rubber and polyethylene glove materials were least resistant.
Subject(s)
Occupational Medicine/methods , Pesticides , Polymers/standards , Protective Clothing/standards , 1-Propanol , Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid , Humans , Permeability , Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate , Specimen Handling/methods , Surface-Active Agents , WaterABSTRACT
A sampling and analysis method has been deveoped and validated for ammonium sulfamate (ammate), NH+4 [NH2SO-3], in air samples. Airborne particulate ammate is efficiently collected using a mixed cellulose ester membrane filter, extracted from the filter using distilled water and determined in the extract by analysis for the sulfamate ion using ion chromatography. The method was validated over the concentration range of 6.35-27.3 mg/m3 at near ambient conditions, using laboratory generated air samples. The average recovery of the total method is 100+/- 6% at the 95% confidence level.
Subject(s)
Flame Retardants/analysis , Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/analysis , Sulfonic Acids/analysis , Aerosols , Chromatography, Ion Exchange/methodsABSTRACT
A sensitive and reproducible differential pulse polarographic method of analysis was developed for indicine-N-oxide (NSC 132319) in human plasma. Lyophilized plasma is extracted with methanol, and the extract is chromatographed over partially deactivated aluminum oxide and reversed-phase silica gel columns. Indicine-N-oxide is eluted from the silica gel column with 25% aqueous methanol and quantitated by differential pulse polarography by measurement of the peak current at -0.72 +/- 0.03 v (versus the saturated calomel electrode). Recovery of indicine-N-oxide from plasma was 88 +/- 7% (SD) in the 1-20-microgram/ml range. The method was linear over the range of 0.5-10 microgram/ml of pH 4.6 buffer.
