Toxicity of Trixis vauthieri DC essential oil on Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), a proven vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: In Brazil, one of the visceral leishmaniasis control measures in urban environments is the elimination of Lutzomyia longipalpis, which occurs through the application of pyrethroid insecticides with residual action in homes and outbuildings. Due to the loss of sensitivity of this vector to these insecticides, the search for more efficient insecticide compounds against L. longipalpis has been intensified. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of Trixis vauthieri essential oil on adult sandflies of the species L. longipalpis, and identify the phytochemical composition of these essential oils. METHODS: Essential oils from leaves collected from T. vauthieri at different times were obtained at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL. Twenty sandflies were exposed to the essential oils and the mortality was evaluated after 1, 2, 4, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h. The chemical constituents of the essential oil were also identified. RESULTS: The essential oils of T. vauthieri at a concentration of 20 mg/mL were the most toxic to sandflies, reaching a mortality rate of 98.33% and 95%, respectively, after 72 h of exposure. The analysis of chemical constituents revealed the presence of triterpenes and/or steroids, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and coumarins. INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION: The results obtained suggest that T. vauthieri essential oil is fairly promising as an insecticidal potential against L. longipalpis. A more detailed analysis of the oil's phytochemical composition is necessary to identify active and pure compounds that can be used in vector control of visceral leishmaniasis.

Survey of parasites in sea turtles rescued off the coast of Santa Catarina and Paraná, Brazil (2020-2022) and their relationship with marine pollution.

The identification of parasite fauna can contribute to the assessment of the health status of sea turtles, and thus make it possible to develop effective management and treatment strategies aimed at conserving these animals. The present study aimed to investigate the parasite fauna in sea turtles rescued in six sections of the coast of Santa Catarina and Paraná (Brazil) from January 2020 to December 2022 through the recording of exam reports available in the Information System of Aquatic Biota Monitoring. In total, records of 334 sea turtles were analyzed during this period, of which 219 (65.6 %) were infected with at least one parasite. Chelonia mydas was the most frequent species with 86.5 % of rescues and presented the highest species richness. At least 43 species belonging to 36 different genera have been recorded parasitizing sea turtles. The most common helminths were Cricocephalus albus, Metacetabulum invaginatum, Pronocephalus obliquus, with 12.3 %, 8.7 % and 8.4 %, respectively, while protozoa of the genus Entamoeba were the most prevalent in the turtles analyzed (8.1 %). An interesting finding was the unprecedented finding of Hymenolepis sp. eggs in faeces of some turtle species. The results showed that the parasite fauna was quite diverse, with several species known to be capable of harming the physical health and well-being of sea turtles. In view of this, it is necessary to adopt strategies for monitoring the health of the different rescued species with a view to conserving sea turtles in Brazilian territory.

Patient safety in primary health care and polypharmacy: cross-sectional survey among patients with chronic diseases.

OBJECTIVE: to characterize and determine the polypharmacy prevalence in patients with chronic diseases and to identify the factors associated, in order to improvement of pharmaceutical care focused on patient safety. METHODS: cross-sectional study included 558 patients, covered by primary health care, using a household and structured questionnaire. We analyzed the data on polypharmacy and its clinical and socioeconomic factors. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was applied, with results expressed in prevalence ratio. RESULTS: the results showed that polypharmacy (consumption of four or more drugs) was of 37.6%. The prevalence ratio analyses identified independent variables associated with polypharmacy: age (3.05), economic strata (0.33), way of medication acquisition through a combination of out-of-pocket and Brazilian public health system (1.44), diabetes and hypertension (2.11), comorbidities (coronary artery disease 2.26) and hospital admission (1.73). In the analyses, inappropriate medication use of the 278 patients (≥ 65 years) was associated with polypharmacy (prevalence ratio 4.04). CONCLUSION: polypharmacy study becomes an opportunity to guide the strategies for the patient safety to promote the medication without harm in chronic diseases.

Uso de substâncias psicoativas entre estudantes universitários / Use of psychoactive substances among university students / Uso de sustancias psicoactivas entre estudiantes universitários

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o perfil do uso de substâncias psicoativas entre estudantes dos cursos de Ciências Biológicas, Educação Física, Enfermagem, Fisioterapia, Farmácia, Odontologia e Nutrição. Trata-se de estudo transversal, quantitativo, exploratório e descritivo, com 567 estudantes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário e analisados através da estatística descritiva. Nos resultados, verificou-se que 11,6% dos estudantes nunca experimentaram substâncias psicoativas na vida. As drogas mais prevalentes entre os universitários foram o álcool (n=501), tabaco (n=161), maconha (n=115) e cocaína (n=26). Conclui-se que o consumo de substâncias psicoativas entre os estudantes é problema que deve ser enfrentado através da implantação de ações preventivas e de redução de danos.

The objective of this study was to identify the profile of use of psychoactive substances among students of Biological Sciences, Physical Education, Nursing, Physiotherapy, Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nutrition courses. It was a cross - sectional, quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study with 567 students. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics. In the results, it was found that 11.6% of students had never tried psychoactive substances in their lives. The most prevalent drugs among university students were alcohol (n = 501), tobacco (n = 161), marijuana (n = 115), and cocaine (n = 26). The result led to the conclusion that consumption of psychoactive substances among students is a problem that must be faced through the implementation of preventive and harm reduction actions.

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el perfil del uso de sustancias psicoactivas entre estudiantes de Ciencias Biológicas, Educación Física, Enfermería, Fisioterapia, Farmacia, Odontología y Nutrición. Se trata de un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, con 567 estudiantes. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de un cuestionario y analizados a través de la estadística descriptiva. En los resultados, se constató que el 11,6% de los estudiantes nunca experimentó el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Las drogas prevalentemente consumidas fueron: alcohol (n = 501), tabaco (n = 161), marihuana (n = 115) y cocaína (n = 26). Se concluye que el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas entre los estudiantes es un problema y que debe ser enfrentado a través de acciones preventivas y de reducción de daños.

The utility of the records medical: factors associated with the medication errors in chronic disease.

OBJECTIVE: This study describes the development of the medication history of the medical records to measure factors associated with medication errors among chronic diseases patients in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. METHODS: retrospective, descriptive observational study of secondary data, through the review of medical records of hypertensive and diabetic patients, from March to October 2016. RESULTS: The patients the mean age of patient was 62.1 ± 14.3 years. The number of basic nursing care (95.5%) prevailed and physician consultations were 82.6%. Polypharmacy was recorded in 54% of sample, and review of the medication lists by a pharmacist revealed that 67.0% drug included at least one risk. The most common risks were: drug-drug interaction (57.8%), renal risk (29.8%), risk of falling (12.9%) and duplicate therapies (11.9%). Factors associated with medications errors history were chronic diseases and polypharmacy, that persisted in multivariate analysis, with adjusted RP chronic diseases, diabetes RP 1.55 (95%IC 1.04-1.94), diabetes/hypertension RP 1.6 (95%CI 1.09-1.23) and polypharmacy RP 1.61 (95%IC 1.41-1.85), respectively. CONCLUSION: Medication errors are known to compromise patient safety. This has led to the suggestion that medication reconciliation an entry point into the systems health, ongoing care coordination and a person focused approach for people and their families.

Estoque doméstico e uso de medicamentos por crianças no Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Domestic stock and use of medicines by children in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil

RESUMO Avaliaram-se o estoque doméstico e o uso de medicamentos por crianças e adolescentes de 20 municípios do Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG) por meio de estudo tipo inquérito populacional domiciliar. Realizaram-se análise descritiva e testes de associação. Dos 1.237 medicamentos encontrados, 27% estavam em locais de fácil acesso. Não houve associação entre profissões ligadas à área da saúde dos responsáveis com o uso. O grau de instrução ≤ a 4 anos de estudo aparece como de maior risco. As medicações prevalentes foram analgésicos/antipiréticos, antagonista H1 da histamina e antibióticos. Os dados mostram alta prevalência de estoque domiciliar com riscos para crianças, sendo necessárias ações educativas na região.

ABSTRACT The domestic stock and the drug use by children and adolescents from 20 municipalities of the Vale do Jequitinhonha (MG) were evaluated by means of a population-based domestic survey. Descriptive analysis and association tests were performed. Of the 1.237 drugs found, 27% were in easily accessible places. There was no association between the professions related to the health area of the responsible for the use. The instruction degree ≤ 4 years of study appears to be at higher risk. The prevalent drugs were analgesic/antipyretic, histamine H1 antagonist and antibiotics. The data show a high prevalence of domestic stock with risks for children, and educational actions are required in the region.

Automedicação em idosos de estratégias de saúde da família / Elderly self-medication in the family health strategies

Objetivos: verificar a prevalência da automedicação de idosos, bem como identificar os grupos terapêuticos dos medicamentos autoadministrados. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, com 424 idosos de nove Estratégias de Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário e analisados pelo Programa R Core Team, versão 2015. A análise foi descritiva e houve aplicação do teste estatístico Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Para a classificação dos medicamentos, utilizou-se a Classificação Anatômica, Terapêutica e Química (ATC). Resultados: 294 idosos (69,3%) praticam automedicação. As variáveis estado civil, escolaridade, renda familiar, ocupação e número de residentes no domicílio foram estatisticamente significantes. Os grupos terapêuticos mais utilizados foram os analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios/antirreumáticos e as drogas para desordens relacionadas à acidez estomacal. Conclusão: a automedicação configura-se um problema de saúde pública devido à alta prevalência e há necessidade de ações em saúde voltadas para o perfil dos praticantes.

The utility of the records medical: factors associated with the medication errors in chronic disease / A utilidade do registros médico: fatores associados aos erros de medicamentos em pacientes com doenças crônicas / La utilidad de la historia clínicas: factores asociados a los errores de medicación en la enfermedad crónica

ABSTRACT Objective: This study describes the development of the medication history of the medical records to measure factors associated with medication errors among chronic diseases patients in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Methods: retrospective, descriptive observational study of secondary data, through the review of medical records of hypertensive and diabetic patients, from March to October 2016. Results: The patients the mean age of patient was 62.1 ± 14.3 years. The number of basic nursing care (95.5%) prevailed and physician consultations were 82.6%. Polypharmacy was recorded in 54% of sample, and review of the medication lists by a pharmacist revealed that 67.0% drug included at least one risk. The most common risks were: drug-drug interaction (57.8%), renal risk (29.8%), risk of falling (12.9%) and duplicate therapies (11.9%). Factors associated with medications errors history were chronic diseases and polypharmacy, that persisted in multivariate analysis, with adjusted RP chronic diseases, diabetes RP 1.55 (95%IC 1.04-1.94), diabetes/hypertension RP 1.6 (95%CI 1.09-1.23) and polypharmacy RP 1.61 (95%IC 1.41-1.85), respectively. Conclusion: Medication errors are known to compromise patient safety. This has led to the suggestion that medication reconciliation an entry point into the systems health, ongoing care coordination and a person focused approach for people and their families.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo descreve o desenvolvimento da história de medicação a partir dos prontuários médicos para medir os fatores associados aos erros de medicamentos em pacientes com doenças crônicas, em Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo e observacional de dados secundários, por meio da revisão de prontuários de pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos, de março a outubro de 2016. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes foi de 62,1±14,3 anos. Prevaleceu o número de atividades de cuidados básicos de enfermagem (95,5%) e as consultas médicas foram de 82,6%. A polifarmácia foi registrada em 54% da amostra e a revisão das listas de medicamentos por um farmacêutico revelou que 67,0% dos medicamentos incluíam pelo menos um risco. Os riscos mais comuns foram: interação entre medicamentos (57,8%), risco renal (29,8%), risco de queda (12,9%) e terapias duplicadas (11,9%). Os fatores associados à história de erros de medicamentos foram doenças crônicas e polifarmácia, que persistiram em análises multivariadas, com razão de prevalência (RP) ajustadas por doenças crônicas, diabetes RP 1.55 (95% IC 1.04-1.94), diabetes/hipertensão RP 1.6 (95% IC 1.09-1.23) e polifarmácia RP 1,61 (95% IC 1,41-1,85), respectivamente. Conclusão: Os erros de medicamentos são conhecidos por comprometer a segurança do paciente. Isso levou à sugestão de que a reconciliação de medicamentos como ponto de entrada nos sistemas de saúde, coordenando com cuidados contínuos e uma abordagem centrada no paciente para pessoas e suas famílias.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este estudio describe el desarrollo del historial de medicación de las historias clínicas para medir los factores asociados a los errores de medicación en pacientes con enfermedades crónicas en Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Método: estudio retrospectivo, observacional descriptivo de datos secundarios, a través de la revisión de historias clínicas de pacientes hipertensos y diabéticos, de marzo a octubre de 2016. Resultados: La edad media del paciente fue de 62.1 ± 14.3 años. Las actividades de atención básica de enfermería representaron y prevalecieron (95.5%) y las consultas médicas fueron del 82.6%. La polifarmacéutica se registró en el 54% de la muestra, y la revisión de las listas de medicamentos por un farmacéutico reveló que el 67.0% de medicamentos incluía al menos un riesgo. Los riesgos más comunes fueron: interacción entre fármacos (57.8%), riesgo renal (29.8%), riesgo de caída (12.9%) and terapias duplicadas (11.9%). Los factores asociados con el historial de los errores de medicación fueron las enfermedades crónicas y la polifarmacéutica, que persistieron en el análisis multivariante, con enfermedades crónicas RP ajustadas, diabetes RP 1.55 (95%IC 1.04-1.94), diabetes / hipertensión RP 1.6 (95%CI 1.09-1.23) y polifarmacéutica RP 1.61 (95%IC 1.41-1.85), respectivamente. Conclusión: Se sabe que los errores de medicación comprometen la seguridad del paciente. Esto ha llevado a la sugerencia de que la reconciliación de medicamentos es un punto de entrada a la salud de los sistemas, la coordinación de la atención continua y un enfoque centrado en la persona para los pacientes y sus familias.

Gestão regionalizada dos serviços de saúde no estado de Minas Gerais / Regionalized management of health services in the state of Minas Gerais

Desde a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o temaregionalização da saúde tem sido discutido no intuito deimplementá-la como estratégia de gestão. Mesmo com osprogressos relevantes observados neste contexto, existemaspectos prioritários que constituem desafios para a suainstitucionalização. Em razão da relevância e impacto dotema sobre o planejamento das ações e serviços de saúde,é imprescindível compreender quais são os projetos territoriaisem vigência e quais são as condições estruturaisdesse processo no âmbito estadual. Nesse sentido, esteestudo visa discutir sobre como o planejamento da regionalizaçãona saúde está ocorrendo no Estado de MinasGerais (MG).

Since the Brazilian Unified National Health System's(SUS) creation, the theme of health regionalization hasbeen discussed in order to implement it as a managementstrategy. Even with the progress observed in the regionalizationprocess, there are priority aspects that are challengesto its institutionalization. Because of the relevanceand impact of this theme on health actions and servicesplanning, it is essential to understand which territorialprojects are currently in effect and what are the structuralconditions of this process at the state level. Thus, the aimof this study is to discuss how the regionalization processis taking place in the State of Minas Gerais.

Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in a reemerging focus of intense transmission in Minas Gerais State, Brazil.

This study was developed in the urban area of Governador Valadares, a reemerging focus of intense transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil, presenting 86 human cases of VL from 2008 to 2011. The disease prevailed in males (73.2%) with most patients between 0 and 9 years (44.1%) and a lethality rate of 16.2%. A canine survey was carried out on 16,529 domestic dogs in 35 districts in the area and it showed that 30.2% of them (4,992 dogs) were positive for VL by serum assays. Prevalence ratios for canine VL varied between 13.6% and 53.4%. The clinical exam of 343 seropositive dogs showed that 49.9% of them were considered symptomatic, with larger prevalence of canine VL being in short-furred animals (90%). The entomological survey was performed in eight districts, where 2,539 phlebotomines were captured, preferentially in the peridomicile (84.5%). Lutzomyia longipalpis was the predominant species (90%) suggesting its participation in the VL transmission in the area. The correlation between canine prevalence and L. longipalpis density was evaluated.

Sistematização da assistência de enfermagem (SAE): teoria comunicacional aplicada ao processo universitário de ensino aprendizagem / Sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería: teoría comunicacional aplicada al proceso universitario de enseñanza–aprendizaje / Nursing assistance systematization (SAE): comunication theory applied to university teaching and learning processes

Pesquisa epidemiológica, intervencional, do tipo quase-experimento, que objetivou analisar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem daSistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem (SAE), usando o método comunicacional de Boulding, entre universitários do curso deEnfermagem. Metodologicamente, foi realizado pré-teste, intervenção, pós-teste imediato e pós-teste após 30 dias. Os dados foramcoletados no período de maio a setembro de 2006, por meio de instrumento contendo questões fechadas (tipo Likert) e abertas(discursivas). Participaram 34 universitários matriculados no quarto, sexto e oitavo períodos, sendo 88,2% do gênero feminino; 8,8%deles desenvolveram atividades de monitoria; 88,2% estiveram inseridos em atividades de pesquisa e 76,5% tiveram contato com ométodo científico. A experiência em informática ficou assim caracterizada: 56% gastariam tempo “médio” para concluir uma tarefa nocomputador; 67,7% concluiriam uma tarefa no computador “com facilidade” e 52,9% consultariam uma base eletrônica “com facilidade”.A informação, o conhecimento, a capacidade de aplicabilidade, a viabilidade, a utilidade, o valor atribuído e o interesse em aprofundara temática foram parâmetros avaliados estatisticamente pelo teste de Wilcoxon e os discursos sobre definição de SAE foram categorizadospara as etapas de pré-teste, pós-teste 1 e pós-teste 2. A Teoria de Boulding mostrou-se relevante como estratégia pedagógica noprocesso de ensino–aprendizagem, embora identificada a influência do nível de conhecimento prévio da temática sobre os resultados,fato que permitiu sugerir que tal estratégia seja incluída como metodologia pedagógica no ensino da Sistematização da Assistência deEnfermagem em suas várias etapas.

Epidemiological and interventional research (quasi-experimental type) which analyses the teaching and learning processes of nursingassistance systematization (SAE’s), through the use of Bouding’s communication method among students from higher education nursingcourse. We performed methodologically pre-tests, intervention, immediate post-test and another post-test after 30 days. Data werecollected during the period of May and September in 2006, through closed (Likert type) and open questions (discursive). 34 studentsfrom the fourth, sixth and eighth periods at the university participated in it. 88,2% are female, 8,8 % were monitors, 88,2% participatedon research activities and 76,5% used scientific methods. The date got from the experience linked to the use of the computer are: 56%spend medium period of time to concluded the task, 67,7% would concluded it easily, and 52,9% would look up an electronic basewithout any difficult. Information, knowledge, application, capacity, feasibility, utility, value and interest in deepen into the subject wereevaluated through Wilcoxon’s test. SAE’s definition categorized data which can be used in the following steps: pre-test, post-test 1 andpre-test 2. Bouding’s theory is an important strategy to teaching and learning processes, however we have identified an influence ofprior knowledge about the subject in the results. From this we think this strategy is included as pedagogic methodology in nursingassistance systematization in many steps.

Investigación epidemiológica, intervencional de tipo casi experimento que presenta como objetivo analisar el proceso de Sistematizaciónde la Asistencia de Enfermería (SAES) usando el método comunicacional de Bouding entre universitarios del curso de Enfermería.Fueron hechos, metodologicamente, pretest, intervención, postest inmediato y postest tras 30 días. Los datos fueron recogidos en elperiodo de mayo/septiembre de 2006 por medio de cuestiones cerradas (Likert) y abiertas (discursivas). Participaron 34 universitariosmatriculados en los cuarto, sexto y octavo periodos. 88,2% eran mujeres, 8,8% fueron monitores, 88,2% participaron de actividadesde investigación y 76,5% estuvieron en contato con el método científico. La experiencia en informática se presentó del siguiente modo...