ABSTRACT
This longitudinal study, funded by the Swedish National Institute of Public Health, explored gender differences in predictors of parental servings of alcohol to youth and youth drunkenness. Data were collected from 1,752 Swedish 7th-grade youth and their parents, at three occasions between 2007 and 2010. Measurements included youth alcohol use, parental warmth, and parental control. Two-level logistic regressions showed that 15-year-old girls are more likely to be served alcohol at home compared to boys, and that there are some gender differences in predictors of drunkenness. Limitations and implications of the findings are discussed and areas for future research identified.
Subject(s)
Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Adolescent , Attitude , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Parenting/psychology , Parents/psychology , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Schools , Sex Distribution , Sweden/epidemiologyABSTRACT
AIMS: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Örebro prevention programme (ÖPP), an alcohol misuse prevention programme that aims to reduce youth drinking by changing parental behaviour. DESIGN: Cluster-randomized trial, with schools assigned randomly to the ÖPP or no intervention. SETTING: Forty municipal schools in 13 counties in Sweden. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1752 students in the 7th grade and 1314 parents were assessed at baseline. Students' follow-up rates in the 8th and 9th grades were 92.1% and 88.4%, respectively. MEASUREMENTS: Classroom questionnaires to students and postal questionnaires to parents were administered before randomization and 12 and 30 months post-baseline. FINDINGS: Two-level logistic regression models, under four different methods of addressing the problem of loss to follow-up, revealed a statistically significant programme effect for only one of three drinking outcomes under one loss-to-follow-up method, and that effect was observed only at the 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The Örebro prevention programme as currently delivered in Sweden does not appear to reduce or delay youth drunkenness.
Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking/prevention & control , Alcoholic Intoxication/prevention & control , Attitude , Parenting , Students/psychology , Adolescent , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Alcohol Drinking/psychology , Alcoholic Beverages/statistics & numerical data , Alcoholic Intoxication/epidemiology , Alcoholic Intoxication/psychology , Analysis of Variance , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Parent-Child Relations , Parents/education , Parents/psychology , Program Evaluation , Schools , Sweden/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated predictors of short- and longer-term outcomes in relatively well functioning treatment samples. METHODS: Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of continuous abstinence in 188 individuals during their 2nd year after private 12-step treatment in Sweden, and findings are related to a previous report on 1-year outcomes. RESULTS: Individual baseline characteristics were not directly related to 2nd year outcomes, while a higher 1st-year drinking severity decreased the likelihood of 2nd-year abstinence. Satisfaction with treatment and affiliation with Alcoholics Anonymous, but not program aftercare during the 1st year increased the likelihood of 2nd-year abstinence. CONCLUSION: Results are consistent with previous studies showing that shorter-term outcomes are likely to be maintained, and that baseline characteristics and treatment factors account less for outcomes over longer terms.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/rehabilitation , Temperance/psychology , Adult , Aftercare , Alcoholics Anonymous , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Alcoholism/psychology , Ambulatory Care , Comorbidity , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Likelihood Functions , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Patient Satisfaction , Rehabilitation Centers , Secondary Prevention , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/psychology , Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation , SwedenABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to identify individual predictors of 12 months continuous abstinence and nonproblem drinking after Swedish inpatient Minnesota Model treatment and to evaluate the outcome variance explained by pretreatment, within-treatment, and posttreatment factors for each outcome, separately and in conjunction. METHOD: One-hundred and twenty-nine men and 47 women were interviewed on admission to Swedish Minnesota Model treatment and after 12 months. Two interviewers who were not involved in treatment delivery performed structured interviews. Statistical analyses included bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models applied to pair-wise contrasts of three types of treatment outcome. RESULTS: The final multivariate models for the three pair-wise contrasts explained 71% (abstinence vs problem drinking), 44% (nonproblem drinking vs problem drinking), and 25% (abstinence vs. nonproblem drinking) of outcome variance. Abstention and nonproblem drinking were both differentiated from problem drinking by the completion of aftercare, satisfaction with treatment, and number of public addiction care contacts. When contrasted with nonproblem drinking, abstention was predicted by the endorsement of a baseline goal to stop drinking and a higher degree of posttreatment affiliation with mutual-help groups. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study support the fact that treatment is only one of many factors that contributes to an outcome and suggests issues that may need consideration in similar treatment settings.
