Multi-parametric whole-body MRI evaluation discerns vital from non-vital multiple myeloma lesions as validated by 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine PET/CT.

PURPOSE: We tested a novel multi-parametric (mp) whole body (WB)-MRI evaluation algorithm for medullary lesions in comparison to positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) and 11C-methionine (11C-MET). METHODS AND MATERIALS: This retrospective single-center study included 44 MM patients, who received both 18F-FDG-PET and WB-MRI within ten days. MRI classified focal lesions as vital when showing 1) significant diffusion-restriction, 2) a fat fraction (FF) less than 20 % and 3) homogenous hypointensity on T2-weighted images. On a lesion-by-lesion level the findings were compared to 18F-FDG PET by using a 5-point scoring system (analogous to the Deauville score [DS]). In 24/44 (55 %) patients additional comparison to 11C-MET PET was available. RESULTS: Among two radiologists, an excellent inter-observer reliability for mpWB-MRI in a total of 84 medullary lesions was observed (ICC = 1, k = 1, p <.01). 16/17 (94.1 %) MRI-classified vital lesions had a DS of 4 or 5 on either 18F-FDG-PET or 11C-MET-PET. MRI-rated non-vital lesions correlated with PET-based DS ≤ 3. When results of mpWB-MRI were compared to 18F-FDG, a fair inter-observer agreement was recorded (ICC = 0.52, k = 0.53, p <.01), while for 11C-MET, an excellent concordance rate was achieved (ICC = 0.81, k = 0.79, p <.01). CONCLUSION: The proposed mpWB-MRI interpretation algorithm allowed to assess tumor activity of myeloma lesions with high inter-observer reproducibility. We observed a substantial concordance between the mpWB-MRI classification of lesions and PET assessment based on a semi-automatically calculated 5-point scoring system analogous to the Deauville scores.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for esophageal cancer : Surgery improves locoregional control while response based on FDG-PET/CT predicts survival.

INTRODUCTION: To retrospectively analyze the outcome of patients with esophageal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation. METHODS: A total of 41 patients received neoadjuvant intent chemoradiation for esophageal cancer. Most patients had a locally advanced disease (T3/4: 82%, N+: 83%, M0: 100%) and squamous cell carcinoma (83%). All patients received concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin/5-fluorouracil or mitomycin/5-fluorouracil. Median radiation dose was 50.4 Gy in the 25 patients who proceeded to surgery and 57.4 Gy in 16 patients who did not undergo surgery. FDG-PET/CT was used for treatment planning in 24 patients. A second FDG-PET/CT was available for response evaluation in 18 patients. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 16 months in all patients and 30 months in survivors. Radiotherapy was completed without interruptions >3 days in 90% of patients, and chemotherapy was carried out to >80% in 85% of patients. The 2­year locoregional control rate was 60%, distant control rate 54% and overall survival rate 50%. Hematological toxicity grade 3/4 was observed in 34%/10% of patients and non-hematological toxicity grade 3/4 in 46%/2% of patients. Perioperative 30-day mortality was 4%. Subgroup analyses revealed that surgery significantly improved locoregional control (74% vs. 39%, p = 0.034), but not the 2­year survival rate (54% vs. 43%, p = 0.246). In contrast, response based on FDG-PET/CT prior and after chemoradiation significantly predicted improved overall survival (2-year overall survival 61% vs. 40%, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Outcomes of our cohort were comparable to other series using similar treatments. Surgery significantly improved locoregional control but not survival. Response based on FDG-PET/CT predicted survival and might be used for treatment stratification.