[Influence of meat semiprepared foods produced with an addition of water having a reduced deuterium content on the indicators of the laboratory animals with the model of alloxan diabetes].

The paper presents the results of the study on the influence of water with a reduced deuterium content and the meat semi-prepared foods produced with its addition on the indicators of the laboratory animals with the model of alloxan diabetes. The effect of low concentrations of deuterium on the body weight dynamics was shown as well as the manifestation of glucosuria and ketonuria, and clinico-biological indicators of the animal's blood. The experiment was carried out during 42 days on male rats of Wistar stock, which were divided into 4 groups - 2 experimental, control (n=10) and intact (n=6), and consisted of three stages: adaptational, the stage of modeling of alloxan diabetes (a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate - 12 mg/100 g body weight) and dietic therapeutic. The animals of the experimental groups consumed water with a reduced deuterium content and standard vivarium diet or the meat minced semi-prepared products produced with its addition and cooked to culinary readiness. The control group consumed tap water and standard vivarium diet. In animals of the 1st group, which consumed the meat product, glucosuria persisted up to the 28th day (the 11th day after administration of alloxan), ketonuria up to the 34th day (the 17th day after modeling). In rats of the 2nd group, which consumed water with the decreased deuterium content, glucose in urea was not detected already on the 7th day after administration of alloxan, ketones on the 17th day after modeling of the disease, respectively. In animals of the control group, glucosuria and ketonuria persisted up to the end of the experiment. As a result of the investigations, the positive effect of water with a reduced deuterium content and the meat food produced with its use was established. It was manifested in a decrease of glucose level in the urea of the animals from the experimental groups compared to the control group on the 5th day of disease modeling and normalization on the 17th day of modeling. This experimentally demonstrated the possibility to use deuterium-depleted water in a meat product composition intended for nutrition of people with an impairment of carbohydrate metabolism for correction of metabolic processes.

[Assessment of the using effectiveness of iodine containing additives in development of meat products for child nutrition].

The effectiveness of iodine containing additives on the basis of whey protein and milk protein casein compared to iodized salt in the composition of meat minced semi-finished products for child nutrition was examined in the experiment on laboratory animals. Four variants of the semi-finished products were investigated: 1 - control; 2 - enriched with iodine containing milk protein casein; 3 - enriched with iodine containing whey proteins; 4 - enriched with iodized salt. The semi-finished products were enriched at the level of 15% of the daily norm of iodine requirement for children at the age of 7-12 years. Iodine content in 100 g of product was 20 µkg. Rats (initial body weight 140±20 g, n=80) were divided into five groups (control, intact and three experimental groups). Groups 1 and 5 included the animals fed with a standard vivarium diet throughout the experiment. The rats from groups 2-4 were fed with the iodine enriched diet: group 2 received diet containing semi-finished products No. 2; group 3 sample No. 3 and group 4 - sample No. 4. The first stage of the experiment was aimed at accumulation of iodine in tissues and organs of animals consumed the tested iodine containing additives in the composition of semi-finished products. The second stage of the experiment consisted in simulation of the mercazolilum-induced (50 mg/kg b.w.) hypothyroidism (iodine deficiency) and detection of preventive effects of iodine containing meat semi-finished products in a model of experimental hypothyroidism in rats. The data obtained upon the end of the experiment suggest that the highest effect for correction of iodine deficiency was achieved when using the culinary products enriched with iodine containing whey proteins (sample No. 3): the level of thyroxine (T4) was restored by 98.7% in the animals from group 3 compared to the indices of the intact group, Т3 by 100%, TSH - by 89.3%. This effect was confirmed by the hematological and biochemical blood indexes, as well as the dynamics of their weight change: the level of white blood cells was significantly lower by 28%, granulocytes by 44%, monocytes by 42% compared to control rats; the weight gain of the animals of the 3 group was 20.3%, closer to that of intact animals - 26.4%, while in the control group it was 2.6 %.

[Effect of polypeptides isolated from cattle abomasum on stomach regenerative processes in rats].

The effect of polypeptides isolated from cattle abomasum on regenerative processes of rat stomach upon simulating stomach mucosal damage caused by aspirin was studied. Experimental research was carried out on male Wistar rats with initial body weight of 230±20 g. The duration of the experiment was 22 days. The rats were divided into 4 equal groups (n=11). The first (control) group-consisted of the intact animals; animals from experimental groups 2-4 were intragastrically administered acetylsalicylic acid from the 1st to the 7th day for simulating stomach mucosal damage caused by aspirin (300 mg/100 g body weight). From day 8 to day 22, the animals were intragastrically adminitered the tested samples in the quantity of 2 ml per animal according tothe scheme: the 2nd group - distilled water, the 3d group - native abomasum extract; the 4 th group - thermally treated abomasum extract. Abomasum extract was obtained by extraction with 0,87% aqueous sodium chloride crushed abomasum and represented a liquid of cream color with protein mass content of 1,3 g/100 g of the product with high content of glutamic acid (15,5 g/100 g protein) and B-group vitamins. Electrophoretic analysis of the extract revealed several high molecular weight fractions in the range of 72 to 55 kDa. The bands with molecular masses 52, 43, 40, 37, 34, 26, 17 kDa were most pronounced; the intensive bands in the area 12 kDa and in the range lower than 10 kDa were revealed. The results of the conducted study show that the abomasum extracts both in the native and thermally treated form exert therapeutic action on animal with stomach mucosal damage caused by aspirin, have good antiulcer and gastroprotective activities upon stomach mucosa exposure to chemical damaging agents. The analysis of the hematological indices of the animals from the 3rd and 4th groups, which received the test samples after simulation, revealed the normalization of leukocyte, lymphocyte, granulocyte and monocyte content. This suggests the recovery of the animals after the disease. In the blood serum of these animals concentration of total bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose and the activity of gamma-glutamine transferase, ASAT and alkaline phosphatase decreased compared with those in animals with the model of stomach mucosal injury; while the total protein content, including the albumin fraction increased. The examination of the internal organs of the animals from the 3rd and 4th groups showed that the mucosal and submucosal membrane of the stomach were plicate, the signs of edema were absent, the hyperemia, any changes in mucosa, surface and glandular epithelium were not observed.

Thermodynamic approach to the selection of polyuronide sequestrants for preventive and medicinal nutrition.

An approach to the analysis of isotherms of cooperative binding is developed that allows to calculate approximately affinity profiles, i.e. dependencies of binding constants on binding densities. The comparison of the affinity profiles of the interactions of Ca2+ and Sr2+ ions with sodium pectate as well as sodium alginates with the different content of the blocks of alpha-L-guluronic acid residues (GG-blocks) and blocks of mixed composition showed that (1) pectate has higher affinity to both ions as compared with alginates; (2) the affinity of pectate to Ca2+ ions is comparable to its affinity to Sr2+ ions but in the case of Ca2+ ions the maximum of the affinity profile falls on the substantially lesser value of the binding density in comparison to Sr2+ ions that seems to be unfavorable from the standpoint of the use of this polyuronide in preventive or medicinal nutrition; (3) the affinity of both alginates to Sr2+ ions at relatively low binding densities exceeds their affinity to Ca2+ ions; (4) the affinity of alginates to Sr2+ ions increases with the increase in the content of GG-blocks, whereas the affinity to Ca2+ ions practically does not depend on the composition of the alginate; (5) the maximum binding density of Sr2+ ions to the alginates approximately corresponds to the content of GG-blocks. These results corroborate the practice of the use of alginates rich in residues of alpha-L-guluronic acid for the removal of radioactive strontium from the digestive tract. The binding constants of Pb2+ ions to pectate over a wide range of binding densities are more than an order of magnitude greater than those of alkali-earth metal ions.