[The approach to the regulation of mercury according to the content of its termoforms in soils and bed loads].

The article contains the results of the ecological and hygienic diagnostics of conditions of lands of areas of different sizes and varying degrees of urbanization, located in different agro-climatic conditions of European Russia (the southern Astrakhan region, he city of Moscow). Assessments of the state of territories use a new approach to rationing of Hg according to quantitative ratios of the content of its thermoforms in soils, grounds and alluvium (in litho substrate). The method of diagnostics is based on known properties of Hg forms: their geochemical activity (migration mobility) and toxicity decline along with the increment of the Hg temperature threshold of the release in the process of continuous warming up of the litho substrate sample (up to 1100°C). Thermoforms are not tied to specific minerals or chemicals and are conditionally designated as FR (Free: <180°C), CL (Chloride: 180-250°C), FS and CS (physically and chemically sorbed: 250-400°C), SU (Sulfide: 400-500°C) IS (isomorphic: >500°C) Hg forms. Among forms, also conditionally according to complexes of low, medium and high temperature variations(FR + CL, FS + CS and SU + IZ, respectively, there are selected groups of «mobile¼, «sustainable¼ and «inert¼ forms. For technogenic Hg there is characterized the predominance in the sample of «mobile¼ and to lesser extent degree - «stable¼ thermoforms. The more intensive this predominance is, the higher is environmental hazard. The natural accumulation is diagnosed by the presence and prevalence of the sum of moderate - and high-temperature inert forms of Hg. According to the ratios of Hg content, its forms and groups, as well as the density of correlationships between them, 6 indices of the conditions of soils and alluvium were developed by ourselves.Main coefficients out of indices on informativeness of results of diagnostics are the following factors: Endogenous input, Geochemical activity and Hg mobility. With regard to the combination of variability in indices, the total amount of Hg, the genesis and intensity of its accumulation (natural or anthropogenic), there were also developed ranking scales of the ecological and hygienic condition of the land areas and surface water bodies. As a result, on the base of such approach to the regulation of Hg the information value of assessments of mercury contamination of land significantly increased. At the objects of assessments there were identified following areas: foci of the manifestation of Hg hypolimnetic emanations on the landscape surface - dispersion halos in the areas of the Earth crust fracture (the dome of the Astrakhan gas condensate field); environmentally dangerous (sometimes even at a low total content of Hg) parts of cities, towns, their districts, as well as beds of watercourses and water reservoirs bottom (the Volga river valley and delta, the Lefortovo quarter in Moscow). There was also diagnosed the threshold of the background distribution of gross Hg content detected = 0.2-0.3 mg/kg. Its magnitude is consistent with domestic and abroad safe levels of Hg accumulation in soils = 0.3-0.4 mg/kg. The approach provides the differentiation of the environmental hazard lands. Technology of the approach can be used in the development of normative Document for the diagnosis of environmental and sanitary condition of territories in the system of Classifications of hazard of waste, in decontamination of territories, water areas and land zoning according to the criteria of natural or anthropogenic Hg accumulation.

Spin-orbit-driven magnetic structure and excitation in the 5d pyrochlore Cd2Os2O7.

Much consideration has been given to the role of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in 5d oxides, particularly on the formation of novel electronic states and manifested metal-insulator transitions (MITs). SOC plays a dominant role in 5d(5) iridates (Ir(4+)), undergoing MITs both concurrent (pyrochlores) and separated (perovskites) from the onset of magnetic order. However, the role of SOC for other 5d configurations is less clear. For example, 5d(3) (Os(5+)) systems are expected to have an orbital singlet with reduced effective SOC. The pyrochlore Cd2Os2O7 nonetheless exhibits a MIT entwined with magnetic order phenomenologically similar to pyrochlore iridates. Here, we resolve the magnetic structure in Cd2Os2O7 with neutron diffraction and then via resonant inelastic X-ray scattering determine the salient electronic and magnetic energy scales controlling the MIT. In particular, SOC plays a subtle role in creating the electronic ground state but drives the magnetic order and emergence of a multiple spin-flip magnetic excitation.

[Ecological and hygienic condition urbanized area in the geographical center of New Moscow].

The evaluation of ecological and hygienic condition of the environment was performed by ourselves in the geographical center of New Moscow--in the city of Troitsk. There was made an analysis as the published results of similar assessments in the times of the 1990s, data of Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare concerning the control for soils quality (at a single point of the city) and drinking water for 2010-2011, and the author's materials on the chemical contamination of soils and grounds in July 2013. Local foci of moderately dangerous pollution of soil were found at lots close to the motorway and in the Worsted factory: Zc (SrBaCrVNiCoCuAgZnPbBeMoWB) = 17-20, benzo (a) pyrene to 218 mcg/kg and Zn up to 233.4 mg/kg. At the point of monitoring soils complied with the requirements according to toxicological, microbiological and parasitological characteristics.. In the drinking tap water there was observed, along with the increased total hardness, the presence up to 1.6 MAC of such natural pollutants as F and Li. In the undergrounds potable water the situation is worsening according to the content of Si, As, B, Br, U. There was no monitoring of surface water and air. However, pockets of soil contamination trace the possible occurrence in the air near the ground of hygienically dangerous anomalies of heavy metals and hydrocarbons. Modern ecological and sanitary situation in Troitsk, in general, can be considered to be quite safe if compared to the quality of the environment in industrialized cities. The thing that does cause concern is the quality of drinking water.

[Diagnosis of the territories with the use of integral indices of chemical contamination of soil and grounds, relied on the background and hygienic standards].

Analysis of the efficiency of diagnosis of lands for different functional appropriations with integral indices of chemical contamination of soils and grounds under different environmental conditions showed: the greatest accuracy of the information about the structure and degree of contamination of territories is provided by the index relying on hygienic standard (index of soil contamination, ISC). The number of hygienically dangerous lithochemical anomalies revealed by ISC is several times more than the fixed by the index of total pollution of soils by trace elements (Zc), focused only on their background levels. Index Zc is in many respects subjective and unacceptable in complex soil geochemical conditions where the selection of the regional background is impossible. ISC account not only in trace elements, but other hygienically regulated substances (As, Hg, mobile forms of metals, water-soluble salts, carbohydrates, etc.) either.

[Analysis of the informative value of integral indicators of chemical soil contamination in the evaluation of the status of areas].

The analysis of the informative value of integral indicators of chemical soil contamination in the diagnosis of the status of lands used for different functional purposes has ascertained that the highest validity of information on the pattern and degree of area pollutions is achieved using by the indicator based on hygienic standards (soil pollution index (SPI)). The Xc index based on the background content of trace elements is largely subjective and unacceptable in complex soil geochemical conditions where the regional background (a railway, the Karelian Isthmus) cannot be chosen. SPI accounts for the values of not only trace elements, but also other hygienically regulated substances (As, Hg, mobile forms of metals, hydrocarbons, etc.). The quantity of hygienically dangerous lithochemical anomalies found by means of SPI is several times greater than that by means of Zc (settlements, the Volga delta).

[Features of the organization of biopotentials of a cerebral cortex and visceral status at the person at neurotic depression].

Researches are spent on 20 patients with various clinical variants of neurotic depression. The regional organization of bioelectric activity of a brain by a method cross-correlation and coherent analysises was studied. Vegetovisceral status was studied by auricular criotest (measuring of cold sensibility of auricular points). It is shown, that the clinical picture of neurotic depression finds reflectance in frame of regional organization EEG. Regional organization EEG is modified depending on a degree of manifestation of the most neurotic depression and concomitant syndromes of alarm and an asthenia. In bunch with a depressive syndrome without concomitant asthenic and disturbing exhibitings the maximum changes are taped in the right frontotemporal range--left posttemporal ranges. In bunch where along with depression the alarm--depression cross-correlation and coherent communications frontotemporal ranges of both hemispheres was taped, strongly pronounced rising cross-correlation attitudes in right occipital ranges. In bunch where depressive and disturbing syndromes were combined with the expressed asthenic exhibitings, depression cross-correlation and coherent communications in frontotemporal ranges of both hemispheres was observed. The clinic of neurotic infringements finds reflection in a specific picture of variations of the spatial organization of electric activity of a brain and in variations of parameters of the vegetovisceral status. Realization of negative emotional conditions at the person is accompanied by variations visceral functions. Thus variations in the central brain structures cover zones of representation of emotional reactions and the zones connected with cortical representation visceral functions. The minimal central regulation, even insignificant central variations can cause vegetovisceral dysfunctions.

Na-K-ATPase in rat cerebellar granule cells is redox sensitive.

Redox-induced regulation of the Na-K-ATPase was studied in dispersed rat cerebellar granule cells. Intracellular thiol redox state was modulated using glutathione (GSH)-conjugating agents and membrane-permeable ethyl ester of GSH (et-GSH) and Na-K-ATPase transport and hydrolytic activity monitored as a function of intracellular reduced thiol concentration. Depletion of cytosolic and mitochondrial GSH pools caused an increase in free radical production in mitochondria and rapid ATP deprivation with a subsequent decrease in transport but not hydrolytic activity of the Na-K-ATPase. Selective conjugation of cytosolic GSH did not affect free radical production and Na-K-ATPase function. Unexpectedly, overloading of cerebellar granule cells with GSH triggered global free radical burst originating most probably from GSH autooxidation. The latter was not followed by ATP depletion but resulted in suppression of active K(+) influx and a modest increase in mortality. Suppression of transport activity of the Na-K-ATPase was observed in granule cells exposed to both permeable et-GSH and impermeable GSH, with inhibitory effects of external and cytosolic GSH being additive. The obtained data indicate that redox state is a potent regulator of the Na-K-ATPase function. Shifts from an "optimal redox potential range" to higher or lower levels cause suppression of the Na-K pump activity.

Sensitivity to hypobaric hypoxia in mice selected for high and low brain weights.

We studied the effect of hypobaric hypoxia on mice with various brain weights. Mice with low brain weight were more resistant to hypoxia than animals with high brain weight.

[The mechanisms of the occurrence and development of the epileptic range of disorders]. / Izuchenie mekhanizmov vozniknoveniia i razvitiia narushenii épilepticheskogo kruga.

An attempt was made to approach to the causes of the development of epileptic disorders from general biologic positions and to determine the signs of a normal organism, that might help to predict a risk of the disease manifestation. A pattern of electric activity of the brain of the animals, both sensitive and resistant to convulsive agents' action in terms of the influence of convulsive and anticonvulsive preparations on EEG are presented. A role of the brain's mass and of the peculiarities of dermatoglyphics as the predictors of the development of epileptic disorders are also discussed.

EEG mapping in children with different dermatoglyphic patterns.

This study is an attempt to analyze the relationships between EEG and dermatoglyphic patterns (DP) in 6-8 years girls. EEG-mapping was carried out in 80 healthy girls with different types of DP in 6 frequency band: delta, theta, alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3 and beta. Certain connection of the palmar and finger patterns with the EEG characteristics was revealed. The most pronounced differences were observed between subgroups with prevalence (8 and more) or absence of whorls on their hands fingertips, and between groups with presence or absence of certain pattern (whorl, loop or vestige) on thenar/interdigital 1 area (Th/1). Significant (p<0.05) increase of spectral density in alpha-2 and alpha-3 bands in children with whorls on hand fingertips were revealed in the first case. EEG of children with Th/1 pattern differed from the group without such pattern by increased spectral density in alpha-2, alpha-3 and beta bands. The new data obtained support the genetic determination of the EEG.

[The effect of anxiolytics and an anxiogen on the electrical activity of the frontal cortex and limbic structures of dogs with different nervous system properties]. / Vliianie anksiolitikov i anksiogena na élektricheskuiu aktivnost' frontal'noi kory i limbicheskikh struktur sobak s raznymi svoistvami nervnoi sistemy.

The influence of benzodiazepine anxiolytics (diazepam, medazepam, nozepam) and anxiogen corasole on the electrical activity of the dorsal hippocampus, frontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and lateral hypothalamus was studied in 8 dogs with implanted electrodes. The anxiolytics decreased anxiety and reduced the theta-rhythm frequency in all the structures under study. The effect was most pronounced in the dorsal hippocampus. The excitable dogs with initially more frequent theta rhythm turned to be less sensitive to diazepam than more calm animals with prevailing inhibition. The higher dose of diazepam was necessary for excitable dogs to obtain the same electrophysiological effect. At the end of the drug action, the theta-rhythm power significantly increased in the dorsal hippocampus in all the animals, and in the excitable dogs it increased also in the frontal cortex. Moreover, diazepam produced as decrease in the beta 2-frequency and increase in the frequency of the alpha-like rhythm. The anxiogen intake resulted in an increase in dogs' alertness and motor activity, accompanied by an increase in the theta-rhythm frequency. Anxiogen increased the frequency asymmetry of theta between hemispheres in the hippocampus and amygdala.

[The comparative characteristics of the clinico-physiological action of electromagnetic radiation in the milli- and nanometer ranges in hypertension]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika kliniko-fiziologicheskogo deistviia élektromagnitnogo izlucheniia milli- i nanometrovogo diapazona pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

The sinocarotid zone (SCZ) of 127 patients with essential hypertension (EH) stage I and II was exposed to electromagnetic millimetric and nanometric waves. Differentiated indications for laser and short-wave-frequency therapy on SCZ in EH have been formulated basing on the postexposure changes in blood pressure, main complaints, central and cerebral hemodynamics, lipid metabolism, blood coagulation.

Williams syndrome as a model of genetically determined right-hemisphere dominance.

Studies were carried out on the dermatoglyphics (skin ridge marks) on the hands of children with Williams syndrome; this is an inherited disease with cardiovascular pathology and a characteristic facial phenotype ("elf" facies), along with specific mental and cognitive disturbances. The results suggest a characteristic dermatoglyphic type with the presence of complex whorls on the fingers and a clear predominance of marks of greater complexity on the left hand; this is a very rare trait in normal people and in those with other inherited nervous system disorders. The features of the dermatoglyphic pattern serve as a characteristic marker of a genetically determined state of the human central nervous system, and suggests directions for neurophysiological studies of children with Williams syndrome as a unique model for analysis of higher nervous function in humans.

[The importance of integral approaches in the search for predictors and in the study of the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of epilepsy]. / Znachenie integral'nykh podkhodov v poiske prediktorov i izuchenii mekhanizmov vozniknoveniia i razvitiia épilepsii.

The peculiarities are described of brain electric activity of inbred mice and rats susceptible and resistant to epileptogenic influence. The EEG are discussed of anti- and proconvulsant drugs in man and animal models. Brain weight and dermatoglyphic patterns are suggested as predictors of epilepsy development.

Pentylenetetrazol and strychnine convulsions in brain weight selected mice.

The seizure sensitivities to pentylenetetrazol (Ptz, 25-100 mg/kg) and strychnine (S, 2 mg/kg) were tested in two mice lines selected for large (LB) and small (SB) brain weight (brain weight difference being approximately 75 mg). The selection was based on a regression line connecting body and brain weight. SB mice were more sensitive to both drugs-their seizure latencies were shorter and lethality higher than in LBs. The seizures generated by Ptz and S are known to affect different neurotransmitter systems. The interstrain differences in seizure susceptibility are probably determined by SB mice nervous system traits rather than by differences in the particular neurochemical trait. The data on neocortical cytoarchitectonics obtained during our previous brain selection experiment could serve as the indirect evidence favouring such a suggestion.

[The similarity and difference between dogs assessed by the indices of the summary electrical activity of the frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus]. / Skhodstvo i razlichie mezhdu sobakami, otsenivaemye po pokazateliam summarnoi élektricheskoi aktivnosti frontal'noi kory, gippokampa, mindaliny i gipotalamusa.

Eight dogs were bilaterally implanted with stainless steel electrodes in dorsal and ventral hippocampi (DHp, VHp), basolateral amygdala (BLA), lateral hypothalamus (LH) and with silver spherical electrodes in the frontal cortex (FC). The EEG of these structures was recorded in the state of wakefulness without any stimulation. Rhythmical activity in the theta (4.4 +/- 0.05 Hz) and alpha (10.7 +/- 0.2 Hz) ranges was revealed in all the dogs. Rhythm of the beta-2 range (22.4 +/- 0.1 Hz) was recorded in four, and that of the beta-3 (37.8 +/- 0.5 Hz) only in two of the animals. The mean frequency of the theta-rhythm recorded in the LH was higher (p < 0.001) than that in the VHp and AMB. The spectral density in the theta range was higher in the VHp than that in the other structures (p < 0.01). The same values for the DHp and AMB were higher that for the LH (p < 0.001) and FC (p < 0.01). The spectral densities in the right DHp and VHp were higher than in the symmetrical left derivations (p < 0.001). The dogs were different in the expression of specific rhythms, their frequency and power. These characteristics depended on the degree of emotional excitation and motor activity of the dogs during recording of the electrical activity.