[Features of the organization of biopotentials of a cerebral cortex and visceral status at the person at neurotic depression].

Researches are spent on 20 patients with various clinical variants of neurotic depression. The regional organization of bioelectric activity of a brain by a method cross-correlation and coherent analysises was studied. Vegetovisceral status was studied by auricular criotest (measuring of cold sensibility of auricular points). It is shown, that the clinical picture of neurotic depression finds reflectance in frame of regional organization EEG. Regional organization EEG is modified depending on a degree of manifestation of the most neurotic depression and concomitant syndromes of alarm and an asthenia. In bunch with a depressive syndrome without concomitant asthenic and disturbing exhibitings the maximum changes are taped in the right frontotemporal range--left posttemporal ranges. In bunch where along with depression the alarm--depression cross-correlation and coherent communications frontotemporal ranges of both hemispheres was taped, strongly pronounced rising cross-correlation attitudes in right occipital ranges. In bunch where depressive and disturbing syndromes were combined with the expressed asthenic exhibitings, depression cross-correlation and coherent communications in frontotemporal ranges of both hemispheres was observed. The clinic of neurotic infringements finds reflection in a specific picture of variations of the spatial organization of electric activity of a brain and in variations of parameters of the vegetovisceral status. Realization of negative emotional conditions at the person is accompanied by variations visceral functions. Thus variations in the central brain structures cover zones of representation of emotional reactions and the zones connected with cortical representation visceral functions. The minimal central regulation, even insignificant central variations can cause vegetovisceral dysfunctions.

Sensitivity to hypobaric hypoxia in mice selected for high and low brain weights.

We studied the effect of hypobaric hypoxia on mice with various brain weights. Mice with low brain weight were more resistant to hypoxia than animals with high brain weight.

[The mechanisms of the occurrence and development of the epileptic range of disorders]. / Izuchenie mekhanizmov vozniknoveniia i razvitiia narushenii épilepticheskogo kruga.

An attempt was made to approach to the causes of the development of epileptic disorders from general biologic positions and to determine the signs of a normal organism, that might help to predict a risk of the disease manifestation. A pattern of electric activity of the brain of the animals, both sensitive and resistant to convulsive agents' action in terms of the influence of convulsive and anticonvulsive preparations on EEG are presented. A role of the brain's mass and of the peculiarities of dermatoglyphics as the predictors of the development of epileptic disorders are also discussed.

EEG mapping in children with different dermatoglyphic patterns.

This study is an attempt to analyze the relationships between EEG and dermatoglyphic patterns (DP) in 6-8 years girls. EEG-mapping was carried out in 80 healthy girls with different types of DP in 6 frequency band: delta, theta, alpha-1, alpha-2, alpha-3 and beta. Certain connection of the palmar and finger patterns with the EEG characteristics was revealed. The most pronounced differences were observed between subgroups with prevalence (8 and more) or absence of whorls on their hands fingertips, and between groups with presence or absence of certain pattern (whorl, loop or vestige) on thenar/interdigital 1 area (Th/1). Significant (p<0.05) increase of spectral density in alpha-2 and alpha-3 bands in children with whorls on hand fingertips were revealed in the first case. EEG of children with Th/1 pattern differed from the group without such pattern by increased spectral density in alpha-2, alpha-3 and beta bands. The new data obtained support the genetic determination of the EEG.

[The effect of anxiolytics and an anxiogen on the electrical activity of the frontal cortex and limbic structures of dogs with different nervous system properties]. / Vliianie anksiolitikov i anksiogena na élektricheskuiu aktivnost' frontal'noi kory i limbicheskikh struktur sobak s raznymi svoistvami nervnoi sistemy.

The influence of benzodiazepine anxiolytics (diazepam, medazepam, nozepam) and anxiogen corasole on the electrical activity of the dorsal hippocampus, frontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and lateral hypothalamus was studied in 8 dogs with implanted electrodes. The anxiolytics decreased anxiety and reduced the theta-rhythm frequency in all the structures under study. The effect was most pronounced in the dorsal hippocampus. The excitable dogs with initially more frequent theta rhythm turned to be less sensitive to diazepam than more calm animals with prevailing inhibition. The higher dose of diazepam was necessary for excitable dogs to obtain the same electrophysiological effect. At the end of the drug action, the theta-rhythm power significantly increased in the dorsal hippocampus in all the animals, and in the excitable dogs it increased also in the frontal cortex. Moreover, diazepam produced as decrease in the beta 2-frequency and increase in the frequency of the alpha-like rhythm. The anxiogen intake resulted in an increase in dogs' alertness and motor activity, accompanied by an increase in the theta-rhythm frequency. Anxiogen increased the frequency asymmetry of theta between hemispheres in the hippocampus and amygdala.

[The comparative characteristics of the clinico-physiological action of electromagnetic radiation in the milli- and nanometer ranges in hypertension]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika kliniko-fiziologicheskogo deistviia élektromagnitnogo izlucheniia milli- i nanometrovogo diapazona pri gipertonicheskoi bolezni.

The sinocarotid zone (SCZ) of 127 patients with essential hypertension (EH) stage I and II was exposed to electromagnetic millimetric and nanometric waves. Differentiated indications for laser and short-wave-frequency therapy on SCZ in EH have been formulated basing on the postexposure changes in blood pressure, main complaints, central and cerebral hemodynamics, lipid metabolism, blood coagulation.

Williams syndrome as a model of genetically determined right-hemisphere dominance.

Studies were carried out on the dermatoglyphics (skin ridge marks) on the hands of children with Williams syndrome; this is an inherited disease with cardiovascular pathology and a characteristic facial phenotype ("elf" facies), along with specific mental and cognitive disturbances. The results suggest a characteristic dermatoglyphic type with the presence of complex whorls on the fingers and a clear predominance of marks of greater complexity on the left hand; this is a very rare trait in normal people and in those with other inherited nervous system disorders. The features of the dermatoglyphic pattern serve as a characteristic marker of a genetically determined state of the human central nervous system, and suggests directions for neurophysiological studies of children with Williams syndrome as a unique model for analysis of higher nervous function in humans.

[The importance of integral approaches in the search for predictors and in the study of the mechanisms of the occurrence and development of epilepsy]. / Znachenie integral'nykh podkhodov v poiske prediktorov i izuchenii mekhanizmov vozniknoveniia i razvitiia épilepsii.

The peculiarities are described of brain electric activity of inbred mice and rats susceptible and resistant to epileptogenic influence. The EEG are discussed of anti- and proconvulsant drugs in man and animal models. Brain weight and dermatoglyphic patterns are suggested as predictors of epilepsy development.

Pentylenetetrazol and strychnine convulsions in brain weight selected mice.

The seizure sensitivities to pentylenetetrazol (Ptz, 25-100 mg/kg) and strychnine (S, 2 mg/kg) were tested in two mice lines selected for large (LB) and small (SB) brain weight (brain weight difference being approximately 75 mg). The selection was based on a regression line connecting body and brain weight. SB mice were more sensitive to both drugs-their seizure latencies were shorter and lethality higher than in LBs. The seizures generated by Ptz and S are known to affect different neurotransmitter systems. The interstrain differences in seizure susceptibility are probably determined by SB mice nervous system traits rather than by differences in the particular neurochemical trait. The data on neocortical cytoarchitectonics obtained during our previous brain selection experiment could serve as the indirect evidence favouring such a suggestion.

[The similarity and difference between dogs assessed by the indices of the summary electrical activity of the frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus]. / Skhodstvo i razlichie mezhdu sobakami, otsenivaemye po pokazateliam summarnoi élektricheskoi aktivnosti frontal'noi kory, gippokampa, mindaliny i gipotalamusa.

Eight dogs were bilaterally implanted with stainless steel electrodes in dorsal and ventral hippocampi (DHp, VHp), basolateral amygdala (BLA), lateral hypothalamus (LH) and with silver spherical electrodes in the frontal cortex (FC). The EEG of these structures was recorded in the state of wakefulness without any stimulation. Rhythmical activity in the theta (4.4 +/- 0.05 Hz) and alpha (10.7 +/- 0.2 Hz) ranges was revealed in all the dogs. Rhythm of the beta-2 range (22.4 +/- 0.1 Hz) was recorded in four, and that of the beta-3 (37.8 +/- 0.5 Hz) only in two of the animals. The mean frequency of the theta-rhythm recorded in the LH was higher (p < 0.001) than that in the VHp and AMB. The spectral density in the theta range was higher in the VHp than that in the other structures (p < 0.01). The same values for the DHp and AMB were higher that for the LH (p < 0.001) and FC (p < 0.01). The spectral densities in the right DHp and VHp were higher than in the symmetrical left derivations (p < 0.001). The dogs were different in the expression of specific rhythms, their frequency and power. These characteristics depended on the degree of emotional excitation and motor activity of the dogs during recording of the electrical activity.

[The mechanism of the action of electromagnetic radiation in the nano- and millimeter ranges]. / Nekorotye aspekty mekhanizma deistvii élektromagnitnogo izlucheniia nano- i millimetrovogo diapazona.

It is suggested that there exists not only resonance but also interference interaction between laser radiation, millimetric electromagnetic radiation and dissipative systems. A noticeable role here is played by opiate receptors and their ligands determining cytoprotective, stress-limiting, immunomodulating and other effects of EHF therapy.

[Williams syndrome--a model of genetically determined right hemispheric dominance]. / Sindrom Vil'iamsa--model' geneticheski determinrovannogo pravopolusharnogo dominirovaniia.

Dermatoglyphic studies showed that children with the Williams syndrome had certain peculiarities of morphological as well as behavioral character. The findings suggest that the syndrome can be regarded as a genetical model of the right brain dominance.

The role of 5-HT1A serotonin and D2 dopamine receptors in buspirone effects on cortical electrical activity in rats.

The effects of buspirone (5 and 10 mg/kg i.p.), 8-OH-DPAT (0.25 mg/kg) and raclopride (2.5 mg/kg) on the EEG power spectra of the sensorimotor cortex were studied in freely moving rats. Buspirone (5 mg/kg) and 8-OH-DPAT produced selective slowing of the theta-activity. Buspirone (10 mg/kg) produced slowing of the theta-activity and increased the power of the alpha-band (9-11 Hz). Raclopride alone did not influence EEG power spectra. Simultaneous injection of 8-OH-DPAT and raclopride produced marked slowing of the theta-activity and increased the power of the alpha-band. The role of 5 HT1A and D2 dopamine receptors in buspirone effects on cortical electrical activity in rats was discussed.

[On the road to understanding the phenomena of pharmacological electroencephalography]. / Na puti k ponimaniiu fenomenov farmakologicheskoi élektroéntsfalografii.

In animal studies (outbred albino rats with different types of conflict behaviour, cottontail rats, inbred mice) it was established that the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepine and atypical tranquilizers including buspirone are associated only with EEG theta-rhythm slowing. At the same time, anxiogenic drugs caused an increase in frequency of the theta-activity and (in large doses) increase of low-frequency spindles. These EEG-changes are close to the patterns of EEG induced by stress. These results suggest that increase in the beta-activity, especially, owing to high-frequency spindles, which has been reported to be a common feature of all tranquilizers, might be connected with adaptive mechanisms of the brain preventing from lesions by psychotropic drugs. It is possible that some abnormal EEG activity of epileptic humans and animals (spike-slow wave, spindles) also is a reflection of these adaptive mechanisms of the brain.