ABSTRACT
Chronic obliterating bronchiolitis in children is characterized by the presence of chronic multifactor inflammatory infectious process with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae being the leading causative agents. The inflammatory process is induced and maintained by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae or by the association of these two pathogens, but the severity of the clinical course of obliterating bronchiolitis is determined by H. influenzae, which is confirmed by its high detection rate at the phase of exacerbation in patients with pronounced bronchial obstruction.
Subject(s)
Bronchiolitis Obliterans/complications , Haemophilus Infections/complications , Haemophilus influenzae/isolation & purification , Pneumococcal Infections/complications , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Female , Humans , Inflammation/microbiology , MaleABSTRACT
A noncovalent adduct of the antineoplastic drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cDDP) and a biocompatible graft copolymer of poly(L-lysine) and methylpoly(ethylene glycol) succinate is described. Upon incubation of cDDP with [O-methylpoly(ethylene glycol)-O'-succinyl]-N- epsilon-poly(L-lysine)n-N-epsilon-succinate, n = 250-270, highly soluble, long circulating adducts were formed which contained 4.3% of platinum by weight. Approximately 60% of the polymer-associated drug was released during dialysis against saline or serum albumin containing saline, with a half-time of release of 63 h. The adducts showed a pronounced antineoplastic effect in BT-20 human adenocarcinoma cell cultures. In cell proliferation assays, the concentration of half-inhibition of [3H]thymidine uptake was 0.9 +/- 0.2 microM for the drug-copolymer adduct compared to 0.3 +/- 0.1 microM for free cDDP. The adduct showed a long blood half-life (ca. 14 h in rats) and accumulated in experimental mammary adenocarcinomas at 2.5-3.5% injected dose per gram of tissue. A control adduct of cDDP with the backbone portion of the copolymer, poly(L-lysine)-N-epsilon-succinate, had a short half-life in the bloodstream (ca. 30 min) and low accumulation (0.5% injected dose per gram) in tumor. A dual therapeutical effect of methylpoly(ethylene glycol)succinylpoly(L-lysine)-succinate as a carrier of cDDP is suggested: (1) as a carrier for systemic release of the active drug from the macromolecule while it circulates in the bloodstream and (2) as a carrier for on-site delivery which results from the release of the drug in the tumor as a consequence of accumulation of the copolymer in the tumor.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Cisplatin , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy , Adenocarcinoma , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/toxicity , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cisplatin/therapeutic use , Cisplatin/toxicity , DNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis , DNA, Neoplasm/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Carriers , Female , Humans , Indicators and Reagents , Polyethylene Glycols , Polylysine , Rats , Rats, Inbred F344 , Thymidine/metabolism , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
The authors developed and evaluated a polymer as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) angiography. The agent consists of a monomethoxy ether of poly(ethylene glycol) covalently attached to poly(L-lysine) (PL), with PL serving as the carrier of gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Immunogenicity and toxicity studies were performed in mice, and biokinetic and metabolic studies were performed in rats. Dose response studies were performed with a three-dimensional time-of-flight sequence in eight rats. No permanent immune response was elicited against Gd-DTPA or the carrier molecule, and accumulation in organs of the reiculoendothelial system was minimal. The blood half-life of the agent was 14 hours. A dose of 20 mumol of gadolinium per kilogram of body weight was sufficient to increase the vessel-muscle ratio by four- to fivefold. Contrast was substantially improved and remained unchanged 2 hours after contrast medium administration, and good visualization of four orders of vasculature was allowed.
Subject(s)
Blood Vessels/anatomy & histology , Contrast Media , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pentetic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Polyethylene Glycols , Polylysine/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Contrast Media/pharmacokinetics , Contrast Media/toxicity , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Gadolinium DTPA , Macromolecular Substances , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C3H , Organometallic Compounds , Pentetic Acid/pharmacokinetics , Pentetic Acid/toxicity , Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacokinetics , Polyethylene Glycols/toxicity , Polylysine/pharmacokinetics , Polylysine/toxicity , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Lung underdevelopment was detected in 60 of the 2487 children aged 1 to 17 with the clinical picture of recurrent bronchitis. Seven patients presented with aplasia and agenesia of the lung or its part, ten with cystous hypoplasia, eight with common hypoplasia, and thirty-five with acquired form of the respiratory system underdevelopment. The efficacies of various methods of radiodiagnosis in underdevelopment of the vessels, bronchi, and the respiratory sections varied. The major signs of hypoplasia were reduced volume and changed transparency of the lung, formation of the mediastinal hernias, appearance of ring-shaped shades, disordered structure of the bronchi and major vessels, capillary blood stream reduction.
Subject(s)
Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Lung/abnormalities , Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Veins/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Bronchitis/diagnostic imaging , Bronchitis/etiology , Bronchoscopy , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Lung Diseases/pathology , Lung Diseases/physiopathology , Male , Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology , Pulmonary Circulation , Pulmonary Veins/physiopathology , Radiography , Radionuclide Imaging , RecurrenceABSTRACT
A panel of 4 monoclonal antibodies and 7 polyclonal antisera against NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase from methylotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. 101 has been obtained. The reactivity of the 37 overlapping proteolytic peptides with the monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera has been studied with ELISA test. The data obtained were interpreted residing on the structural model of the formate dehydrogenase at 3 A resolution. The immunodominant regions in the formate dehydrogenase molecule and the epitopes for the monoclonal antibodies were elucidated.
Subject(s)
Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/immunology , Antibodies, Monoclonal , Epitopes/analysis , Formate Dehydrogenases/immunology , Amino Acid Sequence , Binding Sites , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Hydrolysis , Immune Sera/analysis , Molecular Sequence Data , Peptide Fragments/analysis , Peptide Fragments/immunology , Peptide Mapping , Pseudomonas/enzymologyABSTRACT
The endoscopic picture of peptic ulcer was studied in 104 patients; the gastric mucosa of 30 per cent of the patients was infected with Campylobacter pyloridis (CP) and had acute erosions in the pyloroduodenal zone. Erosions in uninfected patients were found in 3 per cent of the cases. The predominant lymphoid infiltration of the mucous coat of the stomach was revealed in 60 ulcer patients irrespective of the CP infection. Mucous infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes was found in 13 chronic gastritis patients (in 6 of them gastritis was combined with CP infection). The urease test was positive during the first hour in 82 per cent of the cases in the presence of a large number of CP in histological specimens. Treatment of 31 patients with gastric campylobacteriosis using various antibacterial agents or their combination revealed that continuous 2 months bismuth subnitrate medication was more effective for gastric mucosa disinfection. In addition, favourable results were often obtained when a combination of two antimicrobial agents was used.
Subject(s)
Campylobacter Infections , Gastritis/complications , Peptic Ulcer/complications , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bismuth/therapeutic use , Campylobacter Infections/diagnosis , Campylobacter Infections/therapy , Chronic Disease , Female , Gastritis/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Peptic Ulcer/diagnosisABSTRACT
In the determination of the etiology of acute bronchitis in children, a complex of microbiological and immunological methods should be used. The isolation of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae at a concentration of greater than or equal to 10(4) cels/ml from tracheobronchial washings is the early and most significant method for the determination of the etiology and therapy of acute bronchitis. On the basis of microbiological and immunobiological criteria, the etiological role of S. pneumoniae has been determined in 78% of patients and that of H. influenzae, in 48% of patients, mainly in association with pneumococci.
Subject(s)
Bronchitis/immunology , Acute Disease , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Bronchitis/diagnosis , Bronchitis/etiology , Child, Preschool , Enterobacteriaceae/immunology , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Haemophilus influenzae/immunology , Humans , Infant , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/immunology , Streptococcus pneumoniae/immunology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
In the microbiological examination of 132 children aged 0-3 years with acute bronchitis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae at a concentration of greater than or equal to 10(4) cells/ml, as well as different species of opportunistic bacteria, were isolated from tracheobronchial washings obtained from 100 of these children. S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were found to play the leading role in the etiology of the acute bacterial inflammatory process in acute bronchitis in children.
Subject(s)
Bronchitis/etiology , Haemophilus Infections/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections/microbiology , Acute Disease , Child, Preschool , Haemophilus influenzae/isolation & purification , Humans , Infant , Streptococcus pneumoniae/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Two cases of hypogammaglobulinemia (Bruton's syndrome) in brothers are described. Their sisters had no this disease. Pronounced changes in the lymph nodes, spleen and thymus typical for this condition were combined in both cases with lung and kidney malformations as well as with chronic pneumonia and inanition. The both boys have viral respiratory infections that followed by marked antibody formation and clear-cut structural alterations characteristic of different stages of these diseases. Besides this the older brother was found to have chronic viral hepatitis B with an unusual giant-cell reaction.
