[The combined radionuclide diagnosis of rectal cancer recurrences]. / Kompleksnaia radionuklidnaia diagnostika raka priamoi kishki.

Of 153 patients with confirmed rectal cancer CEA was recorded in 139 (90.8%); erroneous results were noted in 14 (9.2%) patients; in scintigraphy with 67Ga-citrate and 111In-bleomycin diagnoses coincided in 147 (96.1%) patients, and false-negative results were noted in 6 (3.9%) patients. During the investigation 16 patients who had undergone radical operation with any signs of recurrence and 36 patients with suspected tumor recurrence, scintigraphic false-positive results were observed in 12.5 and 30.6% patients, and a false-positive increase in the CEA titer was observed in 12.5 and 11.1%. Of 11 patients with false-positive scintigraphic results a rise of the CEA level was noted in 2 cases making it possible to rule out with a great degree of assurance the presence of a recurrent tumor. The results obtained suggest the appropriateness of the combination of these methods to improve the diagnosis of rectal cancer recurrences.

[X-ray-radionuclide diagnosis of lung cancer metastases to the intrathoracic lymph nodes]. / Rentgenoradionuklidnaia diagnostika metastazov raka legkogo vo vnutrigrudnye limfaticheskie uzly.

The authors conducted a comparative study of x-ray and radionuclide investigations of 203 lung cancer patients. The potentialities of each method were shown for metastatic lesions of the lymph nodes of the root of the lungs and mediastinum. The results obtained are indicative of the fact that these methods improve preoperative diagnosis of regional metastatic spreading in lung cancer that is very important for a design of therapeutic tactics.

[Thermography with glucose loading in the examination of women at high risk of developing breast cancer]. / Termografiia s nagruzkoi gliukozoi v obsledoavnii zhenshchin s vysokim riskom razvitiia raka molochnoi zhelezy.

Thermography of the breast with pharmacological GTT was performed in 260 women; cancer was diagnosed in 150 of them, benign breast diseases in 110. A significant increase in temperature asymmetry after GTT was shown in breast cancer patients as compared to patients with benign diseases. Data on the sensitivity of the mammographic and thermographic methods to identify risk groups were presented.

[Scintigraphy with tumoritropic radiopharmaceutical preparations in the diagnosis of cancer of the large intestine]. / Stsintigrafiia s tumorotropnymi RFP v diagnostike raka tolstoi kishki.

The authors represented the results of scintigraphic investigation to define the spreading of colon cancer in 78 patients. Of 21 patients in whom the investigation with 67Ga-citrate was performed in the preoperative period, RP accumulation was noted in 18, false-positive results were noted in 3 patients. During the investigation of 41 patients with 111In-bleomycin false-positive results were noted in all the cases. These results permit recommending this method for defining colon cancer spreading.

[Radionuclide and thermographic diagnosis of regional metastases of cancer of the tongue and larynx]. / Radionuklidnaia i termograficheskaia diagnostika regionarnykh metastazov raka iazyka i gortani.

To study the potentialities of scintigraphy with 67Ga-citrate and thermography these investigations of the neck lymph nodes were performed in 120 patients with cancer of the tongue and larynx. All the patients were divided into 4 groups with relation to the clinical manifestations of the nodes. The sensitivity of both methods was 87.9 and 88.9%, their specificity--68.2 and 53.3%, respectively. Radionuclide investigation in 4.6% and thermography in 7.1% made it possible to correct clinical errors. The above methods play an important role in combined diagnosis of regional metastases.

[Immunoscintigraphy of cancer of the ovaries and colon using labeled monoclonal antibodies]. / Immunostsintigrafiia raka iachnikov i tolstoi kishki mechenymi monoklonal'nymi antitelami.

Immunoscintigraphy with labeled monoclonal antibodies for investigation of patients with ovarian and colon adenocarcinoma is a highly informative method which can be used for immunovisualization of primary tumor foci, their recurrences and metastases. A possibility to estimate specific tumor tissue activity was shown to be the advantage of immunoscintigraphy as compared to other special topical methods of investigation. High blood concentrations of tumor antigens did not deteriorate significantly the quality of visualization of tumor foci using labeled monoclonal antibodies.

[Scintigraphy of the mediastinum using 67Ga citrate in lymphogranulomatosis in children]. / Stsintigrafiia sredosteniia s 67Ga-tsitratom pri limfogranulematoze u detei.

Scintigraphic semiotics of the involvement of the intrathoracic lymph nodes in children with Hodgkin's disease permitted differentiated assessment of the state of each group of the mediastinal lymph nodes and root of the lung over time. Knowledge of the characteristic features of 67Ga-citrate scintigraphic distribution with relation to the mediastinum after therapeutic measures makes it possible to exclude false positive results and to define the correct time for monitoring.

[Radionuclide diagnosis of vasculogenic impotence]. / Radionuklidnaia diagnostika vaskulogennoi impotentsii.

Pathogenesis of vasculogenic impotence is most adequately revealed by modern methods of the investigation of the hemodynamic mechanisms of erection with the enhancement of arterial perfusion of corpora cavernosa by artificial sexual stimulation. Radionuclide diagnostic methods effectively differ from the methods of radiocontrast phalloangiography by the simplicity of investigation and the absence of traumatism for a patient. The authors have proposed a mathematical model of a process of filling in the functioning volume of the penile vascular bed with a radiopharmaceutical preparation against the background of erection induced by intracavernous administration of papaverine hydrochloride solution. Parameters of the model determine the ratio of blood flow volumetric rates in the penis at rest and when erect.

[Emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung diseases]. / Emissionnaia komp'iuternaia tomografiia v diagnostike zabolevanii legkikh.

Investigations of pulmonary perfusion with 99m Tc-MMA by the method of emission computed tomography (ECT) were conducted in 172 patients with different pulmonary diseases. The authors described ECT procedure of the lungs and scinti-tomographic symptomatology typical of the normal lungs and different types of pulmonary pathology (lung cancer, benign tumors, metastases and chronic inflammatory pulmonary processes). A high sensitivity of ECT as compared to poly-positional scintigraphy was shown. The obtained results suggested that ECT permitted more specified and earlier diagnosis of pulmonary perfusion disorders which was of great importance in the diagnosis of different pulmonary diseases as well as in the assessment of therapeutic efficacy.

[Scintigraphy with 67Ga-citrate and 111In-bleomycin in cancer of the rectum]. / Stcintigrafiia s 67Ga-tsitratom i 111In-bleomitsinom pri rake priamoi kishki.

Scintigraphy with 67Ga-citrate and 111In-bleomycin was performed in 26 patients with primary rectal cancer, 176 patients with suspected recurrent tumors, and in 34 patients without clinicoroentgenological signs of cancer recurrence. A focus of higher accumulation of these radionuclides in the rectal area was recorded in all 26 patients. Of 176 patients with symptoms of recurrence tumors were detected by means of ultrasonic and computed tomography of the small pelvis in 158 patients. False-positive results were marked in 18 (10.2%) patients with chronic inflammatory processes at the site of the resected rectum, in anastomosis, and prostatic adenoma. In the control group of 34 patients false-positive results were marked in 8.8%. Positive scintigraphy used in combined diagnosis of rectal cancer recurrences holds promise.

[Thermography and radionuclide scintigraphy in reconstructive plastic operations following radical mastectomy]. / Termografiia i radionuklidnaia stsintigrafiia pri rekonstruktivno-plasticheskikh operatsiiakh posle radikal'noi mastéktomii.

Thermography is quite an informative and reliable method of examination of patients after reconstructive-plastic breast operations. It makes it possible to assess, with a sufficient degree of assurance, the blood circulation in a skin-muscular graft of the broadest muscle of the back, to diagnose capsule constrictive fibrosis, to detect foci of hyperthermia at the edge of endoprosthesis in the presence of bulky formations hidden by an implant, and can be recommended for the screening of such patients. In some cases scintigraphy makes it possible to differentiate between tumor and non-tumor origin of foci of lesions detected in endoprosthesis.

[Thermography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of cancer recurrence after rectal extirpation]. / Termografiia i komp'iuternaia tomografiia v diagnostike retsidiva raka posle ékstirpatsii priamoi kishki.

The results of thermography and computed tomography of 168 patients following rectum extirpation for cancer were analysed. Of them 116 had symptoms of cancer recurrence and 52 with a poor prognosis were without signs of recurrence. In the 1st group thermography made it possible to record recurrences in 106 (91.4%) patients whereas computed tomography in 102 (87.9%). In thermography overdiagnosis was observed in 8 (6.9%) cases as a result of chronic inflammatory processes in the small pelvis. In computed tomography erroneous results were obtained in 4 (3.5%) cases. In the absence of recurrence symptoms the use of both methods made it possible to detect tumor recurrences in 11 (21.2%) patients at a preclinical stage. In the authors' opinion, thermography provides an opportunity to assume the presence of a recurring tumor and to make up a high risk group of patients who are in need of an active follow-up and thorough examination using other methods.

[Radionuclide determination of the extent of the tumor process in patients with esophageal cancer]. / Radionuklidnoe opredelenie rasprostrannosti opukholevogo protsessa u bol'nykh rakom pishchevoda.

Scintigraphy with 67Ga-citrate and 111In-bleomycin was conducted in 32 esophageal cancer patients, 4 patients with benign esophageal tumors and in 3 patients with scarry-ulcerous esophagitis. A raised accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical (RP) in the esophagus, in 4 cases in the retroperitoneal paraaortic lymph nodes in which a metastatic image was confirmed at computed tomography and diagnostic laparotomy, was observed in all cancer patients. No regularities in the intensity of the accumulation of both radiopharmaceuticals in the esophageal tumor with relation to its histological structure were detected. The advantage of the above radiopharmaceuticals is a possibility to use them for the detection of tumor dissemination and distant metastases in esophageal cancer.

[Thermography in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma in children]. / Termografiia v diagnostike retinoblastomy u detei.

The authors presented the results of thermographic examination of children with suspected retinoblastoma (30 primary examined patients and 30 patients examined to assess therapeutic efficacy). The results of the examination showed the relationship of the intensity and extent of the hyperthermia zone with tumor stage. The usefulness of the thermographic method for efficacy assessment was shown.

[Scintigraphy with 111In-bleomycin in the diagnosis of recurrences of rectal cancer]. / Stsintigrafiia s 111In-bleomitsinom v diagnostike retsidivov raka priamoi kishki.

Altogether 76 patients were examined using scintigraphy with 111In-bleomycin. Clinicoroentgenological diagnosis of recurring rectal cancer was confirmed in 62 of them. Fourteen patients were without signs of recurrence. A focus of RP hyperfixation in the small pelvis was revealed on scintigrams in 52 (84%) of 62 patients. In 4 cases the results of examination were considered doubtful, and in 6 cases the results were false positive. Of 14 recurrence-free patients 4 had recurring tumors at early stages prior to clinical manifestations. The authors pointed to the prospects of the employment of 111In-bleomycin for diagnosis of rectal cancer recurrences.

[Thermography in the diagnosis of recurrences of rectal cancer]. / Termografiia v diagnostike retsidivov raka priamoi kishki.

Thermography results of 126 patients were analysed for the diagnosis of recurrences of rectal cancer. Sixteen patients were examined after radical operations for rectal cancer without signs of recurrence to study the features of a thermal regimen in this area. The examination included thermoscopy, thermography and distant thermometry. The presence of the zone of hyperthermia in the perineum with the involvement of the sacral region and the coccygeal bone after extirpation of the rectum was shown to indicate cancer recurrence. The coincidence of thermography findings with those of computerized and ultrasound tomography was observed in 81.7% of the cases. As a result of a perineal fistula, chronic prostatitis, etc., false positive results of thermography were marked in 17 (18.3%) patients. False negative results were not observed. A rise of local temperature from +0.5 to 1 degrees C was considered suspicious of cancer recurrence. These patients were actively followed up and it allowed one to confirm cancer recurrence in them after 3-6 mos. The use of thermography as a screening test made it possible to detect cancer recurrence and to define a high risk group in need of an active follow up and more thorough clinical examination.

[Carcinoembryonic antigen and hormonal polypeptides in patients with lung cancer]. / Rakovo-émbrional'nyi antigen i gormonal'nye polipeptidy u bol'nykh rakom legkogo.

The paper is concerned with the evaluation of the diagnostic value of a tumor marker complex determined by in vitro analysis at primary diagnosis of lung cancer, during early postoperative follow-up and subsequent monitoring for early detection of disease progression.

[Changes in the regional indices of ventilation and perfusion in lung cancer patients during treatment]. / Izmenenie regionarnykh pokazatelei ventiliatsii i perfuzii u bol'nykh rakom legkogo v khode lecheniia.

A total of 27 patients with central lung cancer and 43 patients with peripheral lung cancer of various sites were examined after surgical intervention on a multichannel unit using 133Xe. The regional distribution of alveolar ventilation and perfusion blood flow were evaluated in the preoperative period as well as at varying times after operation. Statistical analysis of the results has shown that a significant decrease in the ventilation and blood flow is observed in the zone with a focus of lesion in the preoperative period. At the same time even in the preoperative period of compensatory increase in the ventilation and blood flow occurs in the lower zone of the contralateral lung. An increase in the ventilation and blood flow in all the zones of the remaining lung is observed after pulmonectomy; lobectomy does not change pulmonary function and the operated lung does not regenerate its function. No distinctions in the regional values of the ventilation/perfusion ratio were revealed during treatment. Regional perfusion and ventilation are changed in one direction, their ratio and hence the gaseous composition of the blood remain unchanged.