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1.
Afr Health Sci ; 14(3): 517-25, 2014 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25352867

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The fourth Millennium Development Goals targets reduction of the mortality rate of under-fives by 2/3 by the year 2015. This reduction starts with that of neonatal mortality representing 40% of childhood mortality. In Cameroon neonatal mortality was 31% in 2011. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the trends, associated factors and causes of neonatal deaths at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. METHODS: The study was a retrospective chart review. Data was collected from the hospital records, and included both maternal and neonatal variables from 1(st) January 2004 to 31(st) December 2010. RESULTS: The neonatal mortality was 10%. Out-borns represented 49.3% of the deceased neonates with 11.3% born at home. The neonatal mortality rate followed a downward trend dropping from 12.4% in 2004 to 7.2% in 2010. The major causes of deaths were: neonatal sepsis (37.85%), prematurity (31.26%), birth asphyxia (16%), and congenital malformations (10.54%). Most (74.2%) of the deaths occurred within the first week with 35% occurring within 24 hours of life. Mortality was higher in neonates with birth weight less than 2500 g and a gestational age of less than 37 weeks. In the mothers, it was high in single parenthood, primiparous and in housewives and students.. CONCLUSION: There has been a steady decline of neonatal mortality since 2004. Neonatal sepsis, prematurity, birth asphyxia and congenital malformations were the major causes of neonatal deaths. Neonatal sepsis remained constant although at lower rates over the study period.


Subject(s)
Cause of Death , Hospital Mortality , Infant Mortality , Infant, Premature, Diseases/mortality , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Cameroon/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Tertiary Care Centers , Young Adult
2.
Arch Pediatr ; 21(3): 306-8, 2014 Mar.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24457110

ABSTRACT

Pasteurella multocida is classically responsible for local soft tissue infections secondary to dog bites or cat scratches. It can be responsible for meningitis in infants and elderly persons. We report the case history of a 5-year-old male child admitted to our pediatric unit for meningitis. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an infection with P. multocida. The suspected mode of contamination was either from the saliva of a pet dog or through an unnoticed skull fracture sustained after an accident 1 year prior to the occurrence of meningitis. In spite of the neurologic complication (cerebral abscess), the progression was favorable after drainage of the abscess, 5 weeks of parenteral treatment, and 3 weeks of oral antibiotic therapy. Meningitis due to Pasteurella sp. is rare and can lead to neurologic complications. The notion of bites or scratches can be absent and the mode of contamination is sometimes difficult to unveil.


Subject(s)
Brain Abscess/complications , Meningitis, Bacterial/complications , Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology , Pasteurella Infections/complications , Pasteurella multocida , Child, Preschool , Humans , Male
3.
Mali Med ; 29(2): 5-16, 2014.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30049122

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and etiological aspects of child focal epilepsy at Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH) in Cameroon. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in pediatric neurology and epileptology unit of YGOPH from October 1st 2011 to March 30th 2012. We included 218 patients aged 0-16 years with a diagnosis of focal epilepsy in whom an electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed. The studied variables were epidemiological, etiological factors, type of epilepsy, EEG abnormalities, abnormalities in brain CT-scan, and probable etiology. RESULTS: The sex ratio was 1.34 M/1F. The mean age of patients was 8 ± 4 years. In 58.71% (128/218) the onset of crises was before the age of five and decreased gradually until adolescence. The EEG showed an epileptic focus in 161 patients (73.85%). The main foci were centro-temporal (19.9%), frontal (19.2%), temporal (14.9%) and fronto-temporal (14.9%). The CT-scan was abnormal in 58 (56.86%) of 102 patients, who performed head CT-scan, with as major abnormalities, brain atrophy and after-effects lesions. Etiological factors were found in 76.15 % of patients, it was mainly neonatal asphyxia (21%), family history of epilepsy (20.6%) and febrile seizures (19.7%). Focal epilepsies were of structural (51.4%), genetic (24.3%) or unknown causes. Neurological abnormalities associated were more frequently in focal epilepsies of structural causes. CONCLUSION: The focal child epilepsies are mostly of structural causes and preferentially temporal and/or frontal in location. The main etiological factors are family history of epilepsy and neonatal asphyxia.


OBJECTIF: Décrire les caractéristiques cliniques et étiologiques de l'épilepsie focale de l'enfant à l'Hôpital Gynéco-obstétrique et pédiatrique de Yaoundé (HGOPY) au Cameroun. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive réalisée dans l'unité de neuropédiatrie et d'épileptologie de HGOPY du 1er octobre 2011 au 30 mars 2012. Elle incluait 218 patients âgés de 0 à 16 ans ayant un diagnostic d'épilepsie focale et chez qui un électroencéphalogramme (EEG) avait été réalisé. Les variables étudiées étaient les données épidémiologiques, les facteurs étiologiques, le type d'épilepsie, les anomalies EEG, les anomalies au scanner cérébral, et l'étiologie probable. RÉSULTATS: Le sex-ratio était de 1,34M/1F. L'âge moyen des patients était de 8 ± 4 ans. Les crises débutaient dans 58,71% (128/218) avant l'âge de cinq ans et diminuaient progressivement jusqu'à l'adolescence. L'EEG révélait un foyer épileptique chez 161 patients (73,85%). Les principaux foyers étaient centro-temporal (19,9%), frontal (19,2%), temporal (14,9%) et fronto-temporal (14,9%). Le scanner était pathologique chez 58 (56,86%) des 102 patients ayant fait le scanner cérébral, avec pour principales anomalies l'atrophie cérébrale et les lésions séquellaires. Les facteurs étiologiques étaient retrouvés chez 76,15% des patients; ils s'agissaient principalement de l'asphyxie néonatale (21%), des antécédents familiaux d'épilepsie (20,6%) et des convulsions fébriles (19,7%). Les épilepsies focales étaient de causes structurelles (51,4%), génétiques (24,3%) ou inconnue. Les anomalies neurologiques associées étaient plus fréquentes dans les épilepsies focales de cause structurelle. CONCLUSION: Les épilepsies focales de l'enfant sont en majorité structurelles et préférentiellement temporales et/ou frontales. Les principaux facteurs étiologiques sont les antécédents familiaux d'épilepsie et l'asphyxie néonatale..

4.
Health sci. dis ; 14(4): 1-6, 2013. ilus
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1262675

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIFS. Décrire les profils épidémiologiques, cliniques et évolutifs de la bronchiolite aiguë du nourrisson à Yaoundé.MÉTHODES. L'étude était rétrospective et descriptive couvrant la période du 1er janvier 2008 au 31 décembre 2011 à l'Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé et incluant 296 dossiers médicaux de nourrissons avec diagnostic de bronchiolite aiguë. Les critères d'inclusion étaient les nourrissons reçus en consultation et/ou admis en hospitalisation pour bronchiolite aiguë (1er ou 2ème épisode) et un âge inférieur ou égal à 24 mois. Les variables étudiées étaient d'ordre épidémiologique, clinique et évolutif. RÉSULTATS La bronchiolite aiguë était la troisième infection respiratoire basse (9,4%) et représentait 1,6% des consultations pédiatriques. Les nourrissons du sexe masculin entre 2 et 4 mois étaient les plus touchés, surtout lors de la grande saison des pluies allant de septembre à novembre avec un pic en octobre. Une prévalence saisonnière significative par rapport aux autres mois de l'année a été notée (P<0,001). Une augmentation significative de l'incidence par année a été observée avec un taux de récidive de 19,6%. Les principaux signes cliniques étaient les râles sibilants, la toux, la fièvre, les râles bronchiques, la rhinorrhée, les signes de lutte et la dyspnée. Le pronostic global était favorable dans 98,9% et une létalité de 1,1% a été notée. CONCLUSION. La bronchiolite aiguë est un problème de santé publique qui touche les jeunes nourrissons avec un pic épidémique lors de la grande saison des pluies. Son incidence est en augmentation et son pronostic globalement favorable


Subject(s)
Bronchiolitis/diagnosis , Bronchiolitis/epidemiology , Cameroon , Disease Progression , Infant , Signs and Symptoms
5.
Med Trop (Mars) ; 58(1): 57-61, 1998.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9718557

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this prospective study was to analyze compliance by surgical teams with new guidelines for blood transfusion. Study was focused on routine, presumably hemorrhagic procedures performed electively in adults at the Central Hospital in Yaounde, Cameroon. Overall blood loss was less than 20% of the total volume in 89% of the 303 patients included. Blood loss was between 20 and 30% in 10.6% and greater than 30% in 0.3%. Administration of replacement blood products was warranted only in the last two groups. Blood transfusion was performed in 104 patients and was unjustified in 81.7%. Seven percent of the remaining 199 patients presented indications for transfusion which was not performed and not compensated for by appropriate alternative precautions. At least one unit of whole blood had been requested and delivered to the operating room in 70% of cases with blood loss less than 20%, but was used in only 45% of cases. This study demonstrates poor compliance with new guidelines for blood transfusion in the surgical setting. Overconsumption of blood products represents the main problem. These findings underline the need for wider teaching of new blood transfusion strategies. Interest in this information is usually great in developing countries where blood banks are faced with limited facilities, qualified personnel, and supplies.


Subject(s)
Blood Loss, Surgical/statistics & numerical data , Blood Transfusion/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Blood Component Transfusion/statistics & numerical data , Blood Transfusion/standards , Blood Volume , Cameroon , Female , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies
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