ABSTRACT
Patients with epilepsy who have also hearing loss represent a distinct group of patients, often with aggravated medical history, comorbidities and high potential for disability. The etiopathogenetic factors of epilepsy and hearing loss may be common to these conditions (neuroinfections, craniocerebral injuries, cerebral circulatory disorders, perinatal pathology, etc.). In addition, these two syndromes may occur as part of hereditary diseases, so their timely recognition and genetic diagnosis are important for determining further medical and genetic prognosis. This article provides an overview of orphan genetic diseases associated with epilepsy and hearing loss - MERRF syndrome, MELAS syndrome, EAST syndrome, Ayme-Grippsyndrome, epilepsy, hearing loss and mental retardation syndromes, associated with mutations in SPATA5 gene, DOOR syndrome, Gustavson syndrome.
Subject(s)
Deafness , Epilepsy , Epileptic Syndromes , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Hearing Loss , Humans , Deafness/genetics , Epilepsy/complications , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Epilepsy/genetics , Hearing Loss/etiology , Hearing Loss/genetics , MutationABSTRACT
We studied 107 patients with epilepsy who received monotherapy with valproic acid drugs (58) and carbamazepine (49). The seasonal distribution of number and severity of seizures assessed with the NHS3 scale in dependence of Cmin and Cmax content of antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and valproates in the serum of patients was estimated. There was a significant increase in the number of seizures and their severity in the cycle spring>autumn>summer>winter. The serum content of carbamazepine and valproates was significantly lower in spring compared to autumn.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/blood , Carbamazepine/blood , Epilepsy/blood , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Valproic Acid/blood , Valproic Acid/pharmacokinetics , Adult , Anticonvulsants/pharmacokinetics , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Carbamazepine/pharmacokinetics , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Epilepsy/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Seasons , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Young AdultABSTRACT
The efficiency and safety of tenoten for anxiety and depression disorders in epileptics has been demonstrated. The drug does not change the incidence and severity of epileptic episodes, does not deteriorate the course of the underlying disease, and can be well combined with anticonvulsants. The results indicate the efficiency of tenoten used to arrest the anxio-depressive disorders in epilepsy.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/pharmacology , Anxiety Disorders/drug therapy , Depressive Disorder/drug therapy , Epilepsy/complications , GABA Agents/pharmacology , Antibodies/immunology , Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Depressive Disorder/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , S100 Proteins/immunology , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The effect of the epiphysis hormone melatonin on the brain bioelectrical activity is understudied: the data of experimental and clinical studies of melatonin effects are inconclusive and related mostly to exogenous administration. We studied 43 patients with focal epilepsy, 25 patients with cryptogenic epilepsy and 18 with symptomatic epilepsy. Carbamazepine and valproate were used as anticonvulsive drugs. Morning and evening urine concentrations of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (6-COM), the main melatonin metabolite, were determined twice using immunoassay method: in autumn at the inclusion in the study and beginning of the anticonvulsant treatment and after 6 months, in spring, when anticonvulsant doses had been adjusted. The presence of epileptic seizures was associated with the reduction of melatonin concentration in the body that was supported by the decrease of urine 6-COM, in particular in the morning, in non-treated patients. Prescription of anticonvulsant treatment resulted in the increase of 6-COM. The concentration of the morning urine 6-COM was higher in patients with focal epilepsy receiving anticonvulsant treatment with valproate compared to those receiving carbamazepine: 49.28±6.71 and 37.09±5.43 ng/ml versus 20.00±3.6 and 13.11±2.08 ng/ml in patients treated with valproate and carbamazepine, respectively, before and after the adjustment.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants/administration & dosage , Carbamazepine/administration & dosage , Epilepsies, Partial/drug therapy , Epilepsies, Partial/urine , Melatonin/analogs & derivatives , Valproic Acid/administration & dosage , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Melatonin/urine , Middle Aged , Pilot ProjectsABSTRACT
A study included 163 patients with focal cryptogenic and symptomatic forms of epilepsy and 47 sex- and age-matched controls. Disturbances of autochronometry in epileptic patients were studied with regard to character, duration, severity, seasonality of seizures and localization of pathological activity in EEG. The elongation of internal count of chronominutes and the ratio of individual chronominute to duration of daylight hours suggest either the approach of a seizure or the early post seizure period, the effect of the completed seizure. The right hemisphere lesion mostly impacts on the patient's perception of time making it longer.
