Mathematical Model of Sound Absorption by Lungs with Acoustic Stimulation of the Respiratory System.

According to the results of theoretical and experimental analysis of the characteristics of the propagation of acoustic vibrations in the respiratory system, it is necessary to determine the resonant frequency of the respiratory tract to increase the vital capacity of the lungs by opening reserve alveoli by acoustic stimulation of the respiratory system and then to affect the respiratory system with scanning tonal sounds in the maximum sound absorption range (at a level of ±3 dB of the maximum absorption coefficient value).

[Provision of personalized acoustic protection of aviation specialists (practical aspects)].

In the article observed the issues of individual protection of aviation technical personnel from the noise generated by military aircrafts. It is shown that modern innovative materials and technologies allow carrying out scientifically based selection of perspective acoustic protection means for aviation personnel. Conducted analysis has shown that specially designed aviation PPE are comparable by acoustic effectiveness with foreign analogs. The necessity of taking into account of personal psycho-physiological features in the process of designing, building and testing of PPE has been proved. Stress-protective function of acoustic protective equipment has been proved in experiments with aviation specialists. Discussing prospective investigation directions in the field of noise protection. One of them is the establishment of persons register (flight and technician personnel) working in acoustically adverse conditions as the basis for occupational risks management.

Experimental study of displays in contralateral acoustic reflex auditory stimulation.

The results of an experimental study of manifestations of the acoustic reflex with contralateral auditory stimulation at a frequency of 1 kHz are presented, and the principal possibility and informativeness of its use for diagnosing the diseases of the organ of hearing are demonstrated. The principal difference of the developed approach is the use of polyharmonic signal for measuring acoustic reflex manifestations during contralateral stimulation, which allows accelerating the examination procedure.

[Personalized method of oral hygiene quality control]. / Metod personifitsirovannoi kvalimetrii gigieny polosti rta.

In the study involving 110 patients (58 males aged 25-59 and 52 females aged 25-53) a method of oral hygiene quality control by means of new dental index was introduced which allows adequate oral hygiene assessment, personalized recommendations aimed at reducing the risk of common dental diseases development and monitoring of the implementation of these recommendations by patients.

[Description of the life quality of contracted servicemen].

There are presented results of a comprehensive study of the life quality of representatives of three reference groups of servicemen on contract: cadets of military high schools (n = 400), contracted servicemen of the units of power ministries and departments (n = 453), common soldiers and junior commanders (n = 357). The study was executed with the aid of the public survey, the performing of both psychological and functional load tests. This work is notable for the complexation of indices which characterize socio-hygienic, psychological and medical aspects of the life quality, life values, life satisfaction, and specific features of the military profession. Results of the study, which differ from the prior investigation by inclusion of indices characterizing the specific features of military-professional activity, lifestyle and spirituality, for the first time made it possible to assess the life quality related to health, taking into account the axiological values in life and important needs of the studied population. Changes in the life quality indices of contract servicemen were shown to be more sensitive to changes in their health than the traditional clinical-laboratory and instrumental data, which allows to recommend a wide practical use of the monitoring the life quality for professional selection and medical support of the military service, including the implementation of measures on optimization of psychological climate in military units, and the personification of the complex of therapeutic-recreational measures. The results allow us to recommend to military medical commissions of military commissariats in the call of citizens for military service under contract to carry out studies of quality and lifestyle of recruits for the early detection of groups of risk for their health. The program of in-depth medical examinations of military-contract there is recommended to include research aimed at identifying adverse social and hygienic factors of service and living conditions, psychopathological personality traits, rehabilitation and psychological climate in a military collective, execution of a personalized set of therapeutic measures.

Mathematical justification of the acoustic method for measuring the impedance of the respiratory tract.

A new method for measuring a complex frequency-dependent acoustic impedance of the respiratory tract based on two-microphone method was developed. The measuring device consists of a waveguide connected through a mouthpiece to the patient's mouth. A sound field with a frequency range from 5 to 100 Hz is created in the waveguide. The impedance of the respiratory tract is determined at free respiration of the patient in the set frequency range; the duration of examination does not exceed 15 s. The criteria for the recognition of respiratory tract pathologies are proposed.

A new approach to the study of impedance characteristics of tympanic membrane.

A new approach to studying the tympanic membrane impedance characteristics, based on the analysis of polyharmonic acoustic signals reflected by the tympanic membrane, is described. For this purpose, the acoustic pressure and the phase difference between the acoustic vibrations in two sections of a waveguide sealingly connecting the external auditory meatus and a generator of polyharmonic audio signals is measured. By processing the results of measurements, the estimates of the frequency-dependent reflection coefficients, absorption coefficients, and components of the acoustic impedance of the tympanic membrane are calculated. The features that principally distinguish the developed approach from other approaches are the absence of the necessity to create a positive pressure in the external auditory meatus, the absence of ultrasonic radiation into the external auditory meatus and a high-intensity sound, and the possibility of direct measurement of the tympanic membrane impedance in the audio frequency range with any step.

[Fundamental and applied aspects of preventing the adverse effects of aviation noise].

In the article, aviation noise is discussed as a harmful physical factor with ecological, hygienic, clinical and social implications. Noise contributes to development of general and occupational pathologies, chronic diseases, and reduction of professional longevity. The present-day knowledge of aviation noise sources and dynamics, and effects on environment, population, and aviation personnel is overviewed, as well as strategies to prevent noise consequences, muffling techniques being the key ones.

Dual array 3D electron cyclotron emission imaging at ASDEX Upgrade.

In a major upgrade, the (2D) electron cyclotron emission imaging diagnostic (ECEI) at ASDEX Upgrade has been equipped with a second detector array, observing a different toroidal position in the plasma, to enable quasi-3D measurements of the electron temperature. The new system will measure a total of 288 channels, in two 2D arrays, toroidally separated by 40 cm. The two detector arrays observe the plasma through the same vacuum window, both under a slight toroidal angle. The majority of the field lines are observed by both arrays simultaneously, thereby enabling a direct measurement of the 3D properties of plasma instabilities like edge localized mode filaments.

[Psychophysiological mechanisms of formation and development of functional states].

The modern approaches to the problem of formation and development of human functional states was presented. Described grounded theoretical results of experimental studies of the concept of "pattern of functional state" as a description of the functional state in terms of the characteristics of the activity of functional systems to ensure its formation and development in accordance with the dominant. Presented the characteristics of patterns of functional states, determining the reliability of human activities in extreme conditions.

[Informatization of personalized adaptation medicine programs].

State of art of personalized monitoring programs informatization and improvement of human adaptation abilities as one of the preferred direction of personalized (individualized, personalized) medicine which is focused on disclosure of potential and adaptive capabilities of human body and increase of life expectancy by means of directed patient-associated diagnostic and treatment effects on the basis of genetic influences of exogenous and regional factors are described. Biomedical concepts which are the background of monitoring and improvement of the implementation of human adaptation abilities that are designed by experts in the field of aerospace medicine and are the foundation of personalized non-drug medicine are defined: occupational health, preventive health changes cascade concept, concept of similar conditions, biological age, health-related quality of life concept, software risk-metric health information concept and telecommunication technologies for monitoring of human health information technology certification. The characteristics of the present stage of development of personalized non-drug medicine are issued.

[Evaluation of acoustic effectiveness of personnel protectors from extra-aural exposure to aviation noise].

Purpose of the investigation was to validate testing acoustic effectiveness of a personnel vest-like protector (PP) from extra-aural exposure to aviation noise. Levels of aviation noise for PP testing were determined through calculation. Vest effectiveness in protecting from acoustic vibration generated by high-intensity aviation noise was evaluated both in laboratory and field tests. For comparison analysis, PP was also tested with a dummy exposed on a special tester, i.e. acoustic interferometer.

[Medical and psychological prediction of professional readiness of graduates of military school].

The authors propose a method for assessing the professional readiness of graduates of military educational institution, taking into account academic performance, the results of sociometric surveys, data on the professional fitness and health. The high efficiency of the developed method for predicting successful adaptation of graduates to serve in the armed forces is showed.

[Medical and biologic evaluation of individual noise-protection means efficiency].

In laboratory and nature, the authors studied protective properties of experimental models of noise-protection earphones with high acoustic efficiency in broadened frequency range. The article covers expedience of studies at workplaces, including medical and biologic methods that evaluate noise-protection in audible and infra-sound ranges.

[Means and methods of acoustic protection in aviation: current status and outlook for development].

Analysis of the current status of acoustic protection in aviation shows that despite the material progress in the field, risk of professional pathologies in flying and technical personnel is still high. The situation is dramatized by the lack of effective personal and crew acoustic protectors. The authors speculate on applicability of innovative materials and technologies, ingenious designs of earphones and modular prefabricated demountable structures. Tests of proposed personal protectors demonstrated their competitiveness with foreign analogs. Prospective lines of development, e.g. incorporation of active sound absorption systems in existing passive protectors are discussed.

[Mathematical modeling of cardiovascular system in patients with hemorrhage and hypothermia].

Mathematical modeling is the most expedient method for studying the response of human cardiovascular system to a combined effect of several external factors, in particular, hemorrhage and hypothermia. A complex mathematical model integrating models of the functional systems of human body and the physiological effects of disturbing factors can be used to study the combined effect of external factors. It allows the response of human body to various combinations of external effects of different intensities to be assessed with high accuracy. In addition, the model makes it possible to prognosticate the dynamics of changes in the cardiovascular system parameters from their initial variation. This facilitates prediction of the development of patient's state.