ABSTRACT
The diabetic foot interacts with anatomical, vascular, and neurological factors that challenge clinical practice. This study aimed to compile the primary scientific evidence based on a review of the main guidelines, in addition to articles published on the Embase, Lilacs, and PubMed platforms. The European Society of Cardiology system was used to develop recommendation classes and levels of evidence. The themes were divided into six chapters (Chapter 1 - Prevention of foot ulcers in people with diabetes; Chapter 2 - Pressure relief from foot ulcers in people with diabetes; Chapter 3 -Classifications of diabetic foot ulcers; Chapter 4 - Foot and peripheral artery disease; Chapter 5 - Infection and the diabetic foot; Chapter 6 - Charcot's neuroarthropathy). This version of the Diabetic Foot Guidelines presents essential recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with diabetic foot, offering an objective guide for medical practice.
ABSTRACT
Aneurysm of the internal thoracic artery is a rare entity, with variable presentation and a potential risk of fatal rupture. Angiotomography is the diagnostic test of choice and is useful for planning treatment. Considering the morbidity of thoracic access for a direct approach and the unpredictable risk of rupture, an endovascular procedure is the treatment modality of choice for this type of aneurysm. We describe the case of an internal thoracic artery aneurysm discovered incidentally during investigation of syncope and treated by embolization with low-profile and controlled-release microcoils.
ABSTRACT
Amniotic fluid is a complex mixture composed of water, salts and different cells types derived from embryo exfoliation. Some of these cells present similar characteristics to mesenchymal stem cells as adherent properties, typical surface antigens and differentiation capacity. These cells are called amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs) and are easily obtained by amniocentesis, propagated in culture and differentiated in several cell types with specific inductions. In this study, we observe the ability of simvastatin, a 3-HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, to induce AFSMCs osteogenic differentiation. When AFSMCs were incubated with medium containing simvastatin, it was observed morphological changes, calcium deposits formation confirmed by Alizarin Red stain. Differentiated cells also expressed typical osteogenic genes, as osteopontin and osteocalcin. In conclusion, simvastatin could be used as an optional osteogenic induction agent for amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
