[Modern Views on Children's Interstitial Lung Disease].

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD, diffuse lung diseases) are a heterogeneous group of diseases in which a pathological process primarily involved alveoli and perialveolar interstitium, resulting in impaired gas exchange, restrictive changes of lung ventilation function and diffuse interstitial changes detectable by X-ray. Children's interstitial lung diseases is an topical problem ofpediatricpulmonoogy. The article presents current information about classification, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, treatment and prognosis of these rare diseases. The article describes the differences in the structure, pathogenesis, detection of various histological changes in children's ILD compared with adult patients with ILD. Authors cite an instance of registers pediatric patients with ILD. The clinical semiotics of ILD, the possible results of objective research, the frequency of symptoms, the features of medical history, the changes detected on chest X-rays, CT semiotics described in detail. Particular attention was paid to interstitial lung diseases, occurring mainly in newborns and children during the first two years of life, such as congenital deficiencies of surfactant proteins, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis. The diagnostic program for children's ILD, therapy options are presented in this article.

[Bacterial infectious process in patients with chronic obliterating bronchiolitis]. / Bakterial'nyi infektsionnyi protsess u bol'nykh khronicheskim obliteriruiushchim bronkhiolitom.

Chronic obliterating bronchiolitis in children is characterized by the presence of chronic multifactor inflammatory infectious process with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae being the leading causative agents. The inflammatory process is induced and maintained by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae or by the association of these two pathogens, but the severity of the clinical course of obliterating bronchiolitis is determined by H. influenzae, which is confirmed by its high detection rate at the phase of exacerbation in patients with pronounced bronchial obstruction.

[Clinical and radiologic characteristics of undeveloped lung in children]. / Kliniko-rentgenologicheskie osobennosti nedorazvitiia lëgkogo u detei.

Lung underdevelopment was detected in 60 of the 2487 children aged 1 to 17 with the clinical picture of recurrent bronchitis. Seven patients presented with aplasia and agenesia of the lung or its part, ten with cystous hypoplasia, eight with common hypoplasia, and thirty-five with acquired form of the respiratory system underdevelopment. The efficacies of various methods of radiodiagnosis in underdevelopment of the vessels, bronchi, and the respiratory sections varied. The major signs of hypoplasia were reduced volume and changed transparency of the lung, formation of the mediastinal hernias, appearance of ring-shaped shades, disordered structure of the bronchi and major vessels, capillary blood stream reduction.

[Perfusion scintigraphy in the diagnosis of lung hypoplasia in children]. / Perfuzionnaia stsintigrafiia v diagnostike gipoplazii legkikh u detei.

Perfusion scintigraphy was used as a method of screening in children with prolonged and persistent chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases with an obscure x-ray picture of diagnosis of lung hypoplasia. Its scintigraphic sings (considerable reduction of the capillary flow by 50%; a unilateral lesion; a clear locality of a pathological zone on a scintigram, corresponding by its volume to a lobe or the whole lung; relative uniformity of residual perfusion in the affected lobe) were detected in 21 patients. The results of scintigraphy were also used as an objective indicator for bronchopulmonary investigations and angiopulmonography.