ABSTRACT
Brain samples were collected from 514 voles and wild mice in Estonia, and examined for rabies. The samples were tested with antigen ELISA, and 8.6% of them additionally by virus isolation assay. The results were negative. Our data show that in areas of north-eastern Europe, where rabies is endemic in raccoon dogs and red foxes, populations of smaller mammals may remain free of rabies.
Subject(s)
Arvicolinae , Muridae , Rabies/veterinary , Rodent Diseases/epidemiology , Animals , Brain/virology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary , Estonia/epidemiology , Rabies/epidemiology , Rabies virus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Clinical investigations performed in 735 patients have shown that in addition to the improvement of organisation of the medical aid and the universally recognized resuscitation measures for trauma shock, the prophylactics and treatment of intoxication, metabolic, immune and other disorders developing in the patients soon after trauma should be started as early as at the prehospital step.
Subject(s)
First Aid , Shock, Traumatic/therapy , Analgesia , Combined Modality Therapy , Fluid Therapy , Humans , Immobilization , Multiple Trauma/blood , Multiple Trauma/immunology , Multiple Trauma/therapy , Shock, Traumatic/blood , Shock, Traumatic/immunologyABSTRACT
We compared 24 rabies samples collected in Estonia in 1989 to 1992, to identify the kinds of rabies strains circulating in this country. Eleven of the strains came from the islands of Saaremaa, Hiiumaa and Muhu, off the Baltic coast; 13 came from the mainland. The mainland strains, like those from the 1988 to 1989 epizootic in Finland, were antigenically different from the 11 island isolates. The island isolates reacted negatively with monoclonal antibody W-187.5 as does the SAD B19 rabies vaccine strain, currently spread as baits to wildlife in Finland and other parts of Europe. In order to unambiguously distinguish the island isolates from the SAD B19 vaccine, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol for rabies, followed by a single restriction enzyme digestion. This method enabled the island isolates to be differentiated with ease from the vaccine strain SAD B19 at the level of the nucleoprotein-coding region. Additionally, this method had the ability to distinguish other polar field isolates examined, as well as the laboratory challenge virus strain CVS, from SAD B19 vaccine. Modifications of the above PCR method may be used for epidemiological investigations of new outbreaks or of outbreaks involving different species.
Subject(s)
Rabies virus/classification , Rabies/veterinary , Animals , Base Sequence , Brain/microbiology , Carnivora , Cattle , DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry , DNA, Viral/analysis , Dogs , Estonia , Finland , Foxes , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Rabies/microbiology , Rabies virus/genetics , Restriction MappingABSTRACT
State of energy metabolism was studied in brain of rats at agonal steps caused by bleeding during severe and long-term hypotension (30 mmHg, up to 30 hrs). Fast loss of high energy-containing phosphates, cell energy potential of adenine nucleotides and an increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio were found in non-resistant rats. At the same time, in the most resistant rats normal content of creatine phosphate, ATP was maintained; energy potential was unaltered and anaerobic glycolysis was not activated. Content of glucose and glycogen did not alter considerably in all the animals studied.
