ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Occupational Risks , Health Personnel/legislation & jurisprudence , Health Personnel/legislation & jurisprudence , Aggression , Criminal Law/legislation & jurisprudence , Criminal Liability , Violence/legislation & jurisprudence , Workplace Violence/legislation & jurisprudence , Legislation as Topic/organization & administration , Legislation as Topic/standards , Occupational Health/legislation & jurisprudence , Jurisprudence/prevention & control , Health Personnel/standards , Violence/prevention & controlSubject(s)
Chromosomes, Human, X , Microsatellite Repeats , Population Groups/genetics , Ecuador , HumansABSTRACT
This study presents mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data from 107 unrelated individuals from two of the major ethnic groups in Ecuador: Amerindian Kichwas (n = 65) and Mestizos (n = 42). We characterized the diversity of the matrilineal lineages of these Ecuadorian groups by analyzing the entire mtDNA control region. Different patterns of diversity were observed in the two groups as result of the unique historical and demographic events which have occurred in each population. Higher genetic diversity values were obtained for the Mestizo group than for the Amerindian group. Interestingly, only Native American lineages were detected in the two population samples, but with differences in the haplogroup distribution: Kichwa (A, 49%; B, 3%; C, 8%; and D, 40%) and Mestizo (A, 33%; B, 33%; C, 10%; and D, 24%). Analysis of the complete mtDNA control region proved to be useful to increase the discrimination power between individuals who showed common haplotypes in HVSI and HVSII segments; and added valuable information to the phylogenetic interpretation of mtDNA haplotypes.
Subject(s)
DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Genetic Variation/genetics , Indians, South American/genetics , Blood Stains , Ecuador , Forensic Genetics , Haplotypes , HumansABSTRACT
AIM: To perform a genetic characterization of 7 skeletons from medieval age found in a burial site in the Aragonese Pyrenees. METHODS: Allele frequencies of autosomal short tandem repeats (STR) loci were determined by 3 different STR systems. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome haplogroups were determined by sequencing of the hypervariable segment 1 of mtDNA and typing of phylogenetic Y chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNP) markers, respectively. Possible familial relationships were also investigated. RESULTS: Complete or partial STR profiles were obtained in 3 of the 7 samples. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup was determined in 6 samples, with 5 of them corresponding to the haplogroup H and 1 to the haplogroup U5a. Y-chromosome haplogroup was determined in 2 samples, corresponding to the haplogroup R. In one of them, the sub-branch R1b1b2 was determined. mtDNA sequences indicated that some of the individuals could be maternally related, while STR profiles indicated no direct family relationships. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the antiquity of the samples and great difficulty that genetic analyses entail, the combined use of autosomal STR markers, Y-chromosome informative SNPs, and mtDNA sequences allowed us to genotype a group of skeletons from the medieval age.
Subject(s)
Bone and Bones , Cemeteries/history , Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics , DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis , Forensic Genetics/methods , Microsatellite Repeats/genetics , Age Factors , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Europe , Forensic Genetics/instrumentation , Gene Amplification , Haplotypes , History, Medieval , Humans , Male , Phylogeny , SpainABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Polymorphism, Genetic , Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics , Forensic Sciences/methodsABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Chromosome Disorders/genetics , Forensic Genetics/methods , Cytogenetics/methodsABSTRACT
Mobbing, or psychological harassment at the workplace, is usually defined as a situation in which a person or a group of people engage in extreme psychological violence against another person. In Spain, the number of reports for mobbing has increased extraordinarily in the last years. The reports are increasing dramatically not only before the Labour Courts, but also before the Civil Courts, with claims for damages, and before the Penal Court for offences causing physical or moral injury, etc., since at the present time this figure is not typified as an offence in the Spanish Penal Code. The high degree of complexity of this situation has given rise to frequent misuse of the term and to a number of false accusations of mobbing. A recent European Parliament Resolution on harassment at the workplace addressed the devastating consequences of false accusations. In this paper we present a case in which the "false" victim was mentally ill (paranoia) but succeed in generating an extreme dangerous environment of great harassment against the "false" assailants that were "falsely" accused of mobbing. Forensic diagnosis of the psychiatric disorder suffered by the "false" victim was essential to clarify the issue at the Penal Court.
