Subject(s)
Antihypertensive Agents/administration & dosage , Drug Compounding , Drug Packaging , Glaucoma/drug therapy , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical , Timolol/administration & dosage , Bacteria/growth & development , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Benzalkonium Compounds , Drug Contamination , Drug Stability , Drug Storage , Humans , Ophthalmic SolutionsSubject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Ocular Hypertension/drug therapy , Sulfonamides/therapeutic use , Thiophenes/therapeutic use , Timolol/therapeutic use , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Aged , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Drug Evaluation , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Male , Ophthalmic Solutions , Sulfonamides/administration & dosage , Therapeutic Equivalency , Thiophenes/administration & dosage , Timolol/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Deoxyepinephrine/analogs & derivatives , Dopamine Agonists , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnosis , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Pupil/drug effects , Aged , Aqueous Humor/metabolism , Female , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/metabolism , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Mydriatics , Ocular Hypertension/diagnosis , Ocular Hypertension/metabolism , Ocular Hypertension/physiopathology , Ophthalmic Solutions , Phenylephrine , Tonometry, OcularSubject(s)
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/administration & dosage , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Pupil/drug effects , Quinoxalines/administration & dosage , Refraction, Ocular/drug effects , Tonometry, Ocular , Accommodation, Ocular/drug effects , Administration, Topical , Adult , Aqueous Humor/drug effects , Brimonidine Tartrate , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Reference ValuesABSTRACT
The authors used the Zeiss Humphrey (Mod840, 50 MHz) ultrabiomicroscope to evaluate the changes that Brimonidine, Apraclonidine, Latanoprost and Ibopamine cause in the anterior chamber and on the ciliary body of healthy subjects. The eyes of 60 volunteers, separated into 4 groups according to drug instilled, were studied and the parameters analyzed were: anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupillary diameter (PD), angle opening at 500 microns from the scleral spur (AOD500), trabecular iris angle (TIA) and iris thicknesses (ID1 and ID3). The study showed the miotic effect of Brimonidine (S) that was accompanied by an angle opening (S). Apraclonidine and Latanoprost caused no statistically significant changes in the angle or in the ciliary body. Ibopamine caused mydriasis (S). The UBM, therefore, showed itself to be useful also in the study of the mechanism of action of drugs on the angular structures and on the ciliary body.
Subject(s)
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/pharmacology , Anterior Chamber/drug effects , Ciliary Body/drug effects , Deoxyepinephrine/analogs & derivatives , Mydriatics/pharmacology , Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/pharmacology , Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/administration & dosage , Aged , Anterior Chamber/diagnostic imaging , Brimonidine Tartrate , Ciliary Body/diagnostic imaging , Clonidine/administration & dosage , Clonidine/analogs & derivatives , Clonidine/pharmacology , Deoxyepinephrine/administration & dosage , Deoxyepinephrine/pharmacology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Latanoprost , Male , Middle Aged , Mydriatics/administration & dosage , Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage , Ophthalmic Solutions/pharmacology , Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/administration & dosage , Quinoxalines/administration & dosage , Quinoxalines/pharmacology , Reference Values , UltrasonographySubject(s)
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Intraocular Pressure , Nicergoline/therapeutic use , Retinal Vessels/physiopathology , Administration, Oral , Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Aged , Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects , Chronic Disease , Electroretinography , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/diagnostic imaging , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Nicergoline/administration & dosage , Optic Nerve/blood supply , Retinal Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Vascular Resistance/drug effectsABSTRACT
The results of a study on color vision capacity performed with a view to further analyzing glaucomatous dyschromatopsia are reported. The Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test was used in a population of 52 subjects (104 eyes) with daylight fluorescent lighting and low-tension halogen lighting. Photocolorimetric observations with each type of lighting were made. It was found that halogen lighting increased the glaucomatous subjects' mean score, the number of dyschromatopsia and the number of blue-yellow dyschromatopsia axes. The authors conclude that halogen lighting is preferable for the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test in glaucoma and confirm the predominance of blue-yellow dyschromatopsia axes in glaucoma.
Subject(s)
Color Perception Tests/methods , Color Perception/physiology , Color Vision Defects/physiopathology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Light , Chronic Disease , Color Vision Defects/etiology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/complications , Humans , Intraocular PressureSubject(s)
Glaucoma, Open-Angle/enzymology , Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism , Trabecular Meshwork/enzymology , Cell Count , Chronic Disease , Endothelium, Corneal/enzymology , Endothelium, Corneal/pathology , Extracellular Matrix/enzymology , Extracellular Matrix/pathology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/pathology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/surgery , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Limbus Corneae/enzymology , Limbus Corneae/pathology , NADPH Dehydrogenase , Trabecular Meshwork/pathology , TrabeculectomySubject(s)
Glaucoma/complications , Retinal Vein Occlusion/complications , Aged , Fluorescein Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Fundus Oculi , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Glaucoma/physiopathology , Glaucoma, Neovascular/etiology , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Macular Edema/etiology , Middle Aged , Retinal Detachment/etiology , Retinal Neovascularization/etiology , Retinal Vein Occlusion/diagnosis , Retinal Vein Occlusion/physiopathology , Retrospective Studies , Tonometry, Ocular , Visual Acuity , Vitreous Hemorrhage/etiologySubject(s)
Aqueous Humor/physiology , Glaucoma/complications , Hypothyroidism/complications , Aged , Cholesterol/blood , Chronic Disease , Female , Glaucoma/diagnosis , Glaucoma/metabolism , Humans , Hyaluronic Acid/metabolism , Hypothyroidism/blood , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Intraocular Pressure , Male , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Trabecular Meshwork/metabolism , Visual Acuity , Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsSubject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Carteolol/administration & dosage , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Administration, Sublingual , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Aged , Carteolol/adverse effects , Chronic Disease , Conjunctiva , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Ophthalmic Solutions , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Metipranolol/therapeutic use , Miotics/therapeutic use , Pilocarpine/therapeutic use , Timolol/therapeutic use , Administration, Topical , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/administration & dosage , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Chronic Disease , Drug Therapy, Combination , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Metipranolol/administration & dosage , Miotics/administration & dosage , Ophthalmic Solutions , Pilocarpine/administration & dosage , Timolol/administration & dosage , Tonometry, Ocular , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Ophthalmology , Pediatrics/organization & administration , Referral and Consultation , Child , Child, Preschool , Eye/pathology , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis , Eye Neoplasms/pathology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Retinoblastoma/diagnosis , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Retinopathy of Prematurity/diagnosis , Vision, OcularABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The vascular factor is becoming increasingly important in the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma. Ocular hypotonia, which is indubitably a risk factor in the development of glaucoma, cannot be regarded as the sole pathogenic factor. Clinical experience leaves no doubt that some patients tolerate a high IOP for prolonged periods of time without ocular damage. In others, however, severe glaucoma-related lesions result from slight hypertonia or critically low pressure. METHODS: The authors analyze the general factors which influence ocular blood flow and increase the deleterious effect of ocular hypertonia, and report results relating to the hemodynamic status of a group of glaucoma patients prior to and after one year of therapy with beta-blockers. The results are analyzed and discussed.
Subject(s)
Eye/blood supply , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Blood Pressure/physiology , Follow-Up Studies , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Homeostasis/drug effects , Homeostasis/physiology , Humans , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Parasympathomimetics/therapeutic use , Regional Blood Flow/drug effects , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted/instrumentation , Tonometry, Ocular/instrumentationABSTRACT
In the past several years the effect of longterm glaucoma therapy on ocular hemodynamics has taken on increased interest. This interest has been sparked by studies demonstrating differential effects of various beta-blockers on visual function, and the possible contributory role of ocular blood flow. In the present study, the pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF), as derived by the Langham OBF system, was measured prior to treatment and then tracked throughout a one-year period of beta-blocker therapy (betaxolol 0.5% or timolol 0.5%) in 25 glaucoma patients. Results of the two treatments were compared, and indicated that, whereas both betaxolol- and timolol-treated patients had similar significant reductions in the IOP, the effect of the two treatments on the POBF differed. In timolol-treated patients, the POBF decreased significantly over the 12-month observation period, whereas in betaxolol-treated patients it remained stable.
Subject(s)
Betaxolol/therapeutic use , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/drug therapy , Timolol/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Betaxolol/pharmacology , Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology , Female , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/physiopathology , Humans , Intraocular Pressure , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Pulsatile Flow/drug effects , Pulsatile Flow/physiology , Timolol/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The authors considered the possibility of using the Pulsair-Keeler non-contact tonometer in self-tonometry. For this reason, 45 patients have been trained to use the instrument and, after a reasonable trial period, were able to self-measure their IOP. The results have been compared to the tonometric values measured with Goldmann tonometer to evaluate statistically the limits and the dependability of this method of measurement. The results shows that self-tonometry with the Pulsair-Keeler tonometer can be used in monitoring glaucomatous patients at home.
