Partial Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebra: A case of unilateral sacralization and its embryological and clinical implications.

Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are congenital anomalies of the lumbosacral spine. In lumbosacral transitional vertebrae either sacralization of the lowest lumbar segment or lumbarization of the upper sacral segment of the spine is seen. One of the sacra from macerated cadavers has shown sacralization with unilateral fusion of transverse process on right side, while on left side it was normal, there was no fusion of bodies and left transverse processes of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and first sacral vertebrae. Since there is association between lumbosacral transitional vertebrae and low back pain (LBP) and other spinal pathology; this anomaly has increased clinical interest. The morphological details of the case, its embryological and clinical implications from the literature are reviewed.

Bilateral prehilar multiple branching of renal arteries: a case report and literature review.

Proper knowledge of variations of the arteries supplying the kidney is essential not only to the anatomists but also to the surgeons. In the present paper we are reporting a case of bilateral early and multiple branching of the renal arteries. The origin of the 2 renal arteries was normal but soon after their origin they ended by giving rise to multiple branches. Most of these branches entered the kidney through the hilum. However, on both sides, one of the branches (superior polar artery) passed superolaterally to reach the upper pole of the kidney. The superior polar artery also gave rise to the inferior suprarenal artery. Further, related literature review is done and the urological implications of these variations in renal surgeries are discussed.