ABSTRACT
Introdução: A privação de sono participa de diversos processos neuropatoló- gicos, inclusive na fisiopatologia da Doença de Alzheimer, demência progressiva e mul- tifatorial com morbimortalidade crescente. Ademais, figura como um importante fator de risco modificável da mesma. Portanto, buscou-se analisar a produção científica relevante ao tema e averiguar essa correlação. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura com artigos publicados entre os anos de 2017 e 2022 nas bases de dados PubMed e SCO- PUS. Resultados: 13 artigos analisados, correspondentes a 87% da amostra, verificaram correlação entre a privação do sono e a algum elemento da fisiopatologia da Doença de Alzheimer, especialmente pelo acúmulo de placas extracelulares de ß-amilóide e sua má depuração pelo sistema glinfático. Conclusão: A privação do sono possui forte papel nos processos neurodegenerativos, inclusive na Doença de Alzheimer. Estratégias de promo- ção de sono com boa duração e qualidade são necessárias e abrem novas perspectivas de medidas preventivas e efetivação de terapias modificadoras da doença, sendo necessários estudos com maiores populações e duração para a melhor compreensão dessa relação.
Introduction: Sleep deprivation is involved in various neuropathological processes, including the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, a progressive and multifactorial dementia with increasing morbidity and mortality. Moreover, it is an important modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, we sought to analyze relevant scientific production on the subject and investigate this correlation. Methodology: This is a literature review of articles published between 2017 and 2022 in the databases PubMed and SCOPUS. Results: 13 articles analyzed, corresponding to 87% of the sample, found a correlation between sleep deprivation and some element of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease, especially through the accumulation of extracellular ß-amyloid plaques and their poor clearance by the glymphatic system. Conclusion: Sleep deprivation plays a strong role in neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer's disease. Sleep promotion strategies with good duration and quality are necessary and open new perspectives for preventive measures and effective implementation of disease-modifying therapies, requiring studies with larger populations and duration for better understanding of this relationship.
Introducción: La privación de sueño está implicada en diversos procesos neuropatológicos, incluyendo la fisiopatología de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, una de- mencia progresiva y multifactorial con una morbilidad y mortalidad crecientes. Además, es un importante factor de riesgo modificable de la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Por lo tanto, buscamos analizar la producción científica relevante sobre el tema e investigar esta correlación. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica de artículos publicados entre 2017 y 2022 en las bases de datos PubMed y SCOPUS. Resultados: En 13 artículos analizados, correspondientes al 87% de la muestra, se encontró una correlación entre la privación de sueño y algún elemento de la fisiopatología de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, especialmente a través de la acumulación de placas ß-amiloides extracelulares y su pobre aclaramiento por el sistema glinfático. Conclusiones: La privación de sueño desempeña un papel importante en los procesos neurodegenerativos, incluida la enfermedad de Al- zheimer. Estrategias de promoción del sueño con buena duración y calidad son necesarias y abren nuevas perspectivas para medidas preventivas e implementación efectiva de tera- pias modificadoras de la enfermedad, requiriendo estudios con mayor población y dura- ción para una mejor comprensión de esta relación.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Statins are standard therapies after myocardial infarction (MI) in the general population. In the current study, we assessed adherence to statin treatment by patients after an MI in Italy, and estimated the effect of in-hospital statin therapy on persistence in treatment during a 2-year follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort observation study of patients who experienced their MI between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2005. Patients to enroll were identified by a diagnosis of MI at discharge from hospital. Previous drug therapies and hospital admissions for cardiovascular reasons in the 12 months before hospitalization for MI, statin treatment and lipid levels during hospitalization, indication for statin treatment at hospital discharge, and adherence to statin treatment in the following 24 months using an integrated analysis of administrative databases and hospital case records were evaluated. Also, factors associated either positively or negatively with consistent acute and long-term use of this efficacy-proven therapy were evaluated. RESULTS: We identified 3,369 patients: 28.5% of patients had not been consistently treated with statins during their hospital stay for MI, and 36.2% of patients did not receive a statin prescription at hospital discharge. Of the 2,629 patients persistent with treatment during the follow-up, only 1,431 had an adherence to statins >80%. Either during the hospitalization or during the follow-up, the use of statins was negatively associated with older age and the presence of diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Lipid levels were significantly higher in treated than in untreated patients, but did not contribute to adherence to treatment. An important factor in long-term adherence to statin treatment was a statin prescription at the time of hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Since the statin undertreatment rate in routine care is still high, physicians need to increase the awareness of patients regarding the implications of discontinuation and/or underuse of their medications and encourage higher adherence.
ABSTRACT
Improvements in treatments available for oncohematologic diseases have made it possible to treat patients at more advanced stages of the disease and thus at greater risk of fungal, bacterial, and viral infections; these may be extensive and have aggressive evolution. In particular, chemotherapy at high doses and allogenic bone marrow transplant expose patients to an increased risk of infection, especially because of the period of aplasia and the condition of immune depression subsequent to the procedure. We presented a case of a 15-year-old adolescent girl diagnosed with combined relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia 2 years after completion of first-line chemotherapy that, at 120 days after transplant, erosive lesions of the palatal mucosa at the left hemipalate in the area adjacent to tooth 2.7 were detected, of approximately 2 mm in size. These gave rise to an orosinus communication. Various therapeutic possibilities are examined. These cases are not frequent. Diseases and their related complications require an in-depth knowledge, on the part of the stomatologist, to recognize the early signs of involvement of the oral cavity and, on the part of the oral surgeon, to decide the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.
Subject(s)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Maxillary Sinusitis/microbiology , Oroantral Fistula/microbiology , Postoperative Complications , Pseudomonas Infections/diagnosis , Adolescent , Cytomegalovirus/physiology , Cytomegalovirus Infections/diagnosis , Enterococcus faecium/physiology , Fatal Outcome , Female , Graft vs Host Disease/etiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Humans , Palatal Obturators , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/surgery , Transplantation Conditioning/methods , Virus Activation/physiologyABSTRACT
After briefly reviewing the literature concerning palatal expansion, a new technique combining surgical and medical orthodontic treatment is described. The technique, which entails detaching the nasal septum, is particularly appropriate in oral-breathing patients. Sixty-one patients (aged 10-32 years) were included in the study. The technique, which has low morbidity, gave good short- and long-term results.
