ABSTRACT
Desde la década de los años sesenta, la función institucional del farmacéutico fue cambiando a expensas del desarrollo de la industria farmacéutica, orientando su objetivo hacia el paciente. Esto llevó a un cambio radical en la profesión, y particularmente, en las instituciones asistenciales. En la Argentina, fue un grupo de profesionales de la Cátedra de Farmacotecnia, de la FFyB (UBA), quienes comenzaron a promover las ideas del nuevo paradigma de la Farmacia Hospitalaria. Estos pioneros formaron, el 24 de octubre de 1969, la Sociedad Argentina de Farmacéuticos de Hospital (SAFH). Desde el inicio se comenzó a difundir y fomentar el intercambio del nuevo modelo en las instituciones asistenciales y se impulsaron los conceptos que hoy son una realidad en los establecimientos sanitarios del país, como la residencia farmacéutica, la esterilización, las especialidades farmacéuticas, la nutrición parenteral, el fraccionamiento de citostáticos, la farmacovigilancia y la farmacia clínica entre otros. Poco a poco, este paradigma fue extendiéndose por los hospitales argentinos, en especial en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, donde el Hospital de Niños fue parte de esa transformación
In the early sixties the institutional role of the pharmacist was changing at the expense of the development of the pharmaceutical industry; orienting its objective towards the patient. This led to a radical change in the profession, particularly in healthcare institutions. In Argentina it was a group of professionals from the FFyB Chair of Pharmacotechnics (UBA) who began to promote the ideas of the new paradigm of Hospital Pharmacy. These pioneers formed, on October 24, 1969, the Argentine Society of Hospital Pharmacists (SAFH). From the first moments, the exchange of the new model in healthcare institutions began to be disseminated and promoted and promoted the concepts that today are a reality in the country's health establishments such as pharmaceutical residence, sterilization, pharmaceutical specialties, parenteral nutrition, cytostatic fractionation, pharmacovigilance and clinical pharmacy among others. Gradually this paradigm was spreading through hospitals in Argentina, particularly in the City of Buenos Aires and Hospital de Niños was part of that transformation
Subject(s)
Humans , Pharmacy Service, Hospital , Sterilization , History of PharmacyABSTRACT
The risks of severe leukopenia and agranulocytosis have varied over time and among geographical regions and cultures, with little information available on South American populations. Accordingly, we reviewed and analyzed data from a 6-year experience monitored by an Argentine national registry to which reporting of adverse events reports is required. We analyzed data for 2007-2012 from the pharmacovigilance program of the Argentine drug-regulatory agency (ANMAT) using standard bivariate and multivariate statistical methods and survival analysis. We identified 378 cases of adverse hematological events over 6 years among an average of 12 305 individuals/year treated with clozapine (308±133 mg/day) to estimate the mean annualized rates of leukopenia [0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11-0.27)], neutropenia [0.38 (95% CI 0.34-0.43)], and agranulocytosis [0.05 (95% CI 0.02-0.08)] % per year [median latency 2 (95% CI 1.3-2.1) months]; fatalities related to agranulocytosis averaged 4.2 (95% CI 0.0-9.2) per 100 000 treated individuals/year. Factors associated significantly and independently with agranulocytosis were female sex, older age, and use of other drugs in addition to clozapine. With monitoring by international standards, recent risks of clozapine-associated agranulocytosis in Argentina were lower, but fatality rates were higher than that in other regions of the world. Risk factors include the use of multiple psychotropic drugs, female sex, and older age.
