Lipid profile and cost of enteral nutrition formula with addition of fish oil used in a public hospital.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The present study evaluated the lipid profile of enteral nutrition formulas with added fish oil used in a public hospital, with an emphasis on the fatty acid (FA) composition. METHODS: FA composition was determined using gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Nine enteral nutrition formulas were evaluated and the results obtained were compared with those reported on the formulas labels. RESULTS: The sample with the highest percentage of added fish oil according to the label information had the lowest total amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) (p < 0.05). In the evaluation of the total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA/ΣSFA) ratio, five samples were not within the values recommended by Brazilan and international health regulatory agencies. Regarding the n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio, five samples showed values higher than the recommended ratio. It was observed that EPA + DHA content was positively correlated with the cost of the diet. Importantly, we also found that there was a significant difference between the results of our analysis and the descriptions found on the labels for fatty acids n-6, n-3, EPA, DHA, SFA, PUFA and MUFA. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the discrepancies for fatty acids between the values obtained in the analyses and the values reported on the labels highlight the need for more rigorous inspection when public hospitals purchase enteral nutrition formulas with added fish oil, since the administration of formulas with inadequate levels of FA in hospitalized patients can compromise clinical results during the hospitalization period.

Stage to Change Eating behavior and physical activity among adolescents with an excess body mass: impact on metabolic profile / Prontidão para a mudança do comportamento alimentar e atividade física entre adolescentes com excesso de peso: impacto no perfil metabólico

INTRODUCTION: Obesity in children and adolescents is usuallyrelated to metabolic alterations, and intervention programs are one of the strategies for the treatment of obesity and associated comorbidities. At the beginning of the intervention, the stages of readiness to change behavior indicate specific habits that the teenager plans to modify or not, and how long he or she intends to make the alterationsOBJECTIVE: To assess the metabolic profile and their association with the stages of readiness to change eating habits and exercise behaviors in adolescents with overweightMETHODS: Eighty-three adolescents with excess body weight underwent an assessment of anthropometric variables and metabolic profile (glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, non-HDL-c, VLDL, triglycerides, insulin). Besides, the stages of readiness to change behaviors for "size and amount of portions," "amount of fat in the diet," fruits and vegetable consumption," and "physical activity practice," anthropometric variables and metabolic profile were compared according to the stages of changeRESULTS: About "fruits and vegetable consumption," adolescents in the Maintenance group presented lower body weight than those from Action and Preparation groups. The Action group presented higher body weight than group "Contemplation" and it showed higher non-HDL-cholesterol than the groups "Pre-contemplation" and "Preparation." In "physical activity practice," the Maintenance group presented lower body weight, Body Mass Index, and body fat (in kg) than Action, Preparation, and Contemplation groups. The alterations in HDL-cholesterol reduced as the stages of change progressed in the "physical activity practice" domainCONCLUSION: The stages of readiness to change behaviors impact anthropometric and metabolic variables in adolescents with excess body weight, and it is a recommended instrument to monitor intervention programs

INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade em crianças e adolescentes geralmente está relacionada com alterações metabólicas, sendo os programas de intervenção uma das estratégias para o tratamento da obesidade e das comorbidades associadas. Ao iniciar a intervenção, os estágios de prontidão para mudança do comportamento indicam hábitos específicos que o adolescente planeja ou não mudar e em quanto tempo ele pretende realizar a mudançaOBJETIVO: Avaliar o perfil metabólico e sua associação com os estágios de prontidão para mudança do comportamento alimentar e atividade física em adolescentes com excesso de pesoMÉTODO: Foram avaliados 83 adolescentes com excesso de peso. Os adolescentes foram avaliados em relação à variáveis antropométricas e perfil metabólico (glicemia, colesterol total, colesterol LDL, HDL, não-HDL, VLDL, triglicerídeos, insulina). Além disso, foram avaliados os estágios de prontidão para mudança do comportamento para os domínios "tamanho e quantidade das porções", "quantidade de gordura na dieta", "consumo de frutas e vegetais" e "prática de atividade física". Foi feita comparação das variáveis antropométricas e perfil metabólico de acordo com os estágios de prontidãoRESULTADOS: Em relação ao domínio "Consumo de Frutas e Vegetais", os adolescentes do grupo Manutenção apresentaram peso menor que os do grupo Ação e Preparação. O grupo Ação apresentou peso maior que o Contemplação, e o grupo Contemplação apresentou colesterol não-HDL maior que os grupos Pré-contemplação e Preparação. No domínio "Prática de Atividade Física", o grupo Manutenção apresentou peso, IMC e gordura corporal (em kg) menores que os grupos Ação, Preparação e Contemplação. A prevalência de alteração do colesterol HDL foi progressivamente menor conforme progrediram os estágios de prontidão para mudança do comportamento para o domínio "prática de atividade física"CONCLUSÃO: Os estágios de prontidão para mudança do comportamento têm impacto sobre variáveis antropométricas e perfil metabólico de adolescentes com excesso de peso, sendo um instrumento recomendado para o monitoramento de programas de intervenção

Group Nutrition Counseling or Individualized Prescription for Women With Obesity? A Clinical Trial.

Background: This study investigates the effects of group counseling vs. individual dietary prescription on physical, nutritional, and mental health in overweight or obese women. Methods: Seventy-four women aged 40-59 years with body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 were randomized into 2 intervention arms: group nutrition counseling (GNC) or individualized nutrition prescription (INP). Twenty-seven women completed the 12-week intervention protocol. The GNC received counseling once a week and the INP received an individualized prescription once a month. All participants attended physical exercise sessions 3 times a week following the same protocol. Body mass, body mass index, fat mass, body fat percentage, lean mass, lipid profile, hemoglobin A1c, insulin and liver transaminases were measured pre- and post-intervention in both arms. A 3 day food record was applied to calculate the intake of calories, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Body image dissatisfaction, level of anxiety, self-esteem measure and pathological eating attitudes were measured. Results: Both dietary interventions decreased body mass, body mass index, fat mass, body fat percentage, total caloric intake, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, body dissatisfaction, anxiety, and saturated and polyunsaturated fats (p < 0.05). Lean mass, metabolic variables, self-esteem and pathological eating attitudes remained unchanged (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both nutritional interventions combined with concurrent exercise were effective to improve anthropometrics, body composition, food intake, and some mental health parameters. We suggest that the choice of nutritional intervention (GNC or INP) could be based on the participants preference, considering the adherence and satisfaction, to promote health and quality of life.