ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: With hepatic steatosis (HS) being an established risk factor for CVD in the general population, it may also be a predictor of CVD in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of the present study was to investigate if time since schizophrenia diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), sex, metabolic syndrome, alcohol use, smoking, alanine transaminase (ALT), and body fat percentage (as measured by bioelectrical impedance) were associated with HS, determined by computed tomography (CT), in a population of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. METHODS: Moderate to severe HS (40 CT Hounsfield units as threshold) was determined utilizing non-contrast enhanced CT. The association between the explanatory variables and outcome of HS was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: In the present study, 145 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (mean age 42.2 years (SD ± 13.8)) were included, with 88 (60.7%) being male. On average, patients had been diagnosed for 14.8 (SD ± 10.7) years. A total of 31 (21.4%) patients had HS as determined by CT. The presence of HS was associated with ALT (OR 1.06, 95% CI (1.02-1.10) per 1 U/L increase), and the presence of metabolic syndrome (OR 62.89, 95% CI (2.03-1949.55)). The presence of HS was not associated with BMI, body fat percentage or time since diagnosis in the multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: Higher ALT and the presence of metabolic syndrome were associated with HS in patients with schizophrenia utilizing multivariable analysis. The findings suggest that risk factors for HS are similar in both the general population and in patients with schizophrenia.
Subject(s)
Fatty Liver , Schizophrenia , Adult , Alanine Transaminase , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fatty Liver/complications , Fatty Liver/diagnostic imaging , Fatty Liver/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Schizophrenia/complications , Schizophrenia/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the association between morphological and functional secretin-stimulated MRI parameters with hospitalization, quality of life (QOL), and pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 82 patients with CP. Data were obtained from clinical information, QOL, and pain as assessed by questionnaires (The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire and modified Brief Pain Inventory short form). Secretin-stimulated MRI morphological parameters included pancreatic gland volume, main pancreatic duct diameter, the modified Cambridge Classification of Duct Abnormality, apparent diffusion coefficient, fat signal fraction, and the pancreatic secretion volume as a functional parameter. The primary outcomes were time to first hospitalization related to the CP, as well as annual hospitalization frequency and duration. The secondary outcomes were pain severity, QOL, and pain interference scores. RESULTS: A main pancreatic duct diameter below 5 mm was associated with reduced time to first hospitalization (hazard ratio=2.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-4.17; P=0.043). Pancreatic secretion volume was correlated with QOL (r=0.31; P=0.0072) and pain interference score (r=-0.27; P=0.032), and fecal elastase was also correlated with QOL (r=0.28; P=0.017). However, functional and morphological findings were not related to pain intensity. CONCLUSION: Advanced pancreatic imaging techniques may be a highly sensitive tool for prognostication and monitoring of disease activity and its consequences.
