ABSTRACT
Daily dry matter intake is a key observation in dairy nutrition, and observation of feeding behavior provides insight into the physiological control of hunger and satiety that regulate intake. The objective of the study was to develop and validate an alternative method to observe feeding behavior, including meal length and frequency, in a Calan Broadbent Feeding System (American Calan) using a 3-axis accelerometer (Hobo Pendant G, Onset Computer Corp.). Sensors were mounted between the door and the feed divider using commonly available materials without making permanent modifications to the feeding system. Forty-eight sensors were deployed with a recording frequency of 30 s for the last 7 d of each period in a crossover experiment with 24 multiparous and 24 primiparous animals housed in a freestall barn. The tilt angle on the Z-axis was used to determine when the door was open to indicate feeding activity. The sensor system was in very high agreement with 6 h of visual observation (Cohen's κ = 0.92 ± 0.014; estimate ± 95% confidence interval). The minimum intermeal interval is the time between 2 feeding bouts that is still considered one meal. This essential criterion to characterize meals was calculated by determining the intersection of a mixture of Gaussian distributions fitted to the log-transformed between-feeding intervals. The best fitting mixture of Gaussian distributions was determined with the distribution module of JMP Pro 14.3.0 (SAS Institute Inc.). The minimum intermeal interval was 31.3 min using the best fitting model, a mixture of 3 Gaussian distributions. Using the determined minimum intermeal interval, meal length averaged 37.3 min/meal and meal frequency averaged 7.3 meals/d. In conclusion, data-logging 3-axis accelerometers are adequate to monitor presence of cows in the feed gate in the Calan Broadbent Feeding System, and this approach allows for reasonable estimation of meal length and frequency.
