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1.
Neurogastroenterol Motil ; 34(2): e14215, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34236124

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is an extensive neural network embedded in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract that regulates digestive function and gastrointestinal homeostasis. The ENS consists of two main cell types; enteric neurons and enteric glial cells. In vitro techniques allow simplified investigation of ENS function, and different culture methods have been developed over the years helping to understand the role of ENS cells in health and disease. PURPOSE: This review focuses on summarizing and comparing available culture protocols for the generation of primary ENS cells from adult mice, including dissection of intestinal segments, enzymatic digestions, surface coatings, and culture media. In addition, the potential of human ENS cultures is also discussed.


Subject(s)
Enteric Nervous System , Animals , Brain , Cell Culture Techniques , Enteric Nervous System/metabolism , Mice , Neuroglia , Neurons/metabolism
2.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 665, 2019 01 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30679569

ABSTRACT

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer agent whose main side effects include intestinal mucositis associated with intestinal motility alterations maybe due to an effect on the enteric nervous system (ENS), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this report, we used an animal model to investigate the participation of the S100B/RAGE/NFκB pathway in intestinal mucositis and enteric neurotoxicity caused by 5-FU (450 mg/kg, IP, single dose). 5-FU induced intestinal damage observed by shortened villi, loss of crypt architecture and intense inflammatory cell infiltrate as well as increased GFAP and S100B co-expression and decreased HuC/D protein expression in the small intestine. Furthermore, 5-FU increased RAGE and NFκB NLS immunostaining in enteric neurons, associated with a significant increase in the nitrite/nitrate, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, iNOS expression and MDA accumulation in the small intestine. We provide evidence that 5-FU induces reactive gliosis and reduction of enteric neurons in a S100B/RAGE/NFκB-dependent manner, since pentamidine, a S100B inhibitor, prevented 5-FU-induced neuronal loss, enteric glia activation, intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress and histological injury.


Subject(s)
Fluorouracil/pharmacology , Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects , Mucositis/pathology , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Neuroglia/drug effects , Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products/metabolism , S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit/metabolism , Animals , Cell Death/drug effects , Cytokines/metabolism , Down-Regulation/drug effects , Enteric Nervous System/pathology , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/pathology , Male , Mice , Mucositis/metabolism , Neuroglia/pathology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism
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