Manifestaciones radiológicas del síndrome de Baastrup en la edad pediátrica / Radiological manifestations of Baastrup's disease in children

Entre las causas de dolor lumbar en el niño no suele considerarse, como posibilidad diagnóstica, el síndrome de Baastrup. Clásicamente, esta entidad se caracteriza por fenómenos degenerativos secundarios al roce de apófisis espinosas adyacentes, con esclerosis de sus márgenes y disminución del espacio interespinoso. Su frecuencia aumenta con la edad y suele acompañarse de cambios degenerativos en el raquis, como pueden ser la hipertrofia facetaria lumbar o la patología discal. Determinadas actividades, como la danza o la gimnasia, pueden favorecer la aparición de esta patología a edades más tempranas. En la población infantil la enfermedad pudiera manifestarse de modo diferente, con aumento del espacio interespinoso y remodelación ósea(AU)

Baastrup's disease is not usually considered among the possible causes of low back pain in children. Classically, Baastrup's disease is characterized by degenerative phenomena secondary to friction between adjacent spinous processes, with sclerosis of the margins and decrease in the interspinous space. Baastrup's disease becomes more prevalent with age and is usually accompanied by degenerative changes in the vertebral column, such as lumbar facet hypertrophy or disc disease. Certain activities like dance or gymnastics can make Baastrup's disease more likely to appear at an earlier age. In children, Baastrup's disease can manifest in a different way, with increased interspinous spaces and bone remodeling. In this article, we present the cases of two patients with low back pain who were diagnosed with Baastrup's disease(AU)

[Radiological manifestations of Baastrup's disease in children]. / Manifestaciones radiológicas del síndrome de Baastrup en la edad pediátrica.

Baastrup's disease is not usually considered among the possible causes of low back pain in children. Classically, Baastrup's disease is characterized by degenerative phenomena secondary to friction between adjacent spinous processes, with sclerosis of the margins and decrease in the interspinous space. Baastrup's disease becomes more prevalent with age and is usually accompanied by degenerative changes in the vertebral column, such as lumbar facet hypertrophy or disc disease. Certain activities like dance or gymnastics can make Baastrup's disease more likely to appear at an earlier age. In children, Baastrup's disease can manifest in a different way, with increased interspinous spaces and bone remodeling. In this article, we present the cases of two patients with low back pain who were diagnosed with Baastrup's disease.

[Scrotal ultrasound: pearls, patterns and pitfalls]. / Ecografía escrotal: perlas, patrones y errores.

We present a review of the scrotal ultrasound findings showing normal anatomic variants that may simulate scrotal pathology (rete testis dilatation, normal testicle and epididymis appendages). US patterns of the scrotal pathology may be classified as: calcified (scrotal and albuginea calcifications, microcalcifications, epididymis calcifications, testicular tumors with calcium), cystic appereance (intratesticular and echogenic varicocele, epididymis cysts, albuginea cysts, haematoma, abscess), solid nodular testicular lesions (infarct, neoplasm) and diffuse lesions (orchitis, lymphoid hyperplasia lymphoma, leukemia). Testicular ultrasound may be helpful in detecting extraescrotal pathologies. There is a known relationship between right varicocele and extratesticular neoplasms. We also show some cases of Burn-out testicular tumor and their MR, CT and PET findings. The knowledge of normal US scrotal anatomy, US patterns of the scrotal lesions and scrotal findings that suggest extratesticular pathologies are crucial in the management of testicular pathology and if unnecessary orchiectomies want to be avoided.

Ecografía escrotal: perlas, patrones y errores / Scrotal ultrasound: pearls, patterns and pitfalls

En este trabajo presentamos una revisión de los hallazgos de la ecografía escrotal mostrando variantes anatómicas escrotales (dilatación de la rete testis, apéndices testiculares y epididimarios) que simulan enfermedad. Revisamos la patología escrotal agrupada semiológicamente incluyendo lesiones con calcio (escrotolitos, calcificación de la albugínea, microlitiasis testicular, calcificaciones epididimarias, neoplasias testiculares con calcificaciones), lesiones con contenido líquido (quistes de epidídimo, de la albugínea, testiculares, varicocele intratesticular, abscesos y hematomas testiculares, varicocele extratesticular con contenido ecogénico), lesiones nodulares sólidas de testículo (infartos y neoplasias) y lesiones difusas del testículo (linfoma, leucemia, hiperplasia linfoide, orquitis). Otra de las utilidades de la ecografía escrotal es considerar determinados hallazgos escrotales como marcadores de patología extraescrotal. Mostramos la asociación de neoplasias extraescrotales con varicocele derecho y varios casos de “Burn-out tumor” con neoplasia testicular “in situ” y sus hallazgos de RM, TC y PET. Se concluye que el conocimiento de la anatomía normal ecográfica, de los diferentes patrones de presentación de las lesiones y de los hallazgos escrotales que indican patología extratesticular ayudan en el manejo de los pacientes y pueden evitar cirugías innecesarias

We present a review of the scrotal ultrasound findings showing normal anatomic variants that may simulate scrotal pathology (rete testis dilatation, normal testicle and epididymis appendages). US patterns of the scrotal pathology may be classified as: calcified (scrotal and albuginea calcifications, microcalcifications, epididymis calcifications, testicular tumors with calcium), cystic appereance (intratesticular and echogenic varicocele, epididymis cysts, albuginea cysts, haematoma, abscess), solid nodular testicular lesions (infarct, neoplasm) and diffuse lesions (orchitis, lymphoid hyperplasia lymphoma, leukemia). Testicular ultrasound may be helpful in detecting extraescrotal pathologies. There is a known relationship between right varicocele and extratesticular neoplasms. We also show some cases of Burn-out testicular tumor and their MR, CT and PET findings. The knowledge of normal US scrotal anatomy, US patterns of the scrotal lesions and scrotal findings that suggest extratesticular pathologies are crucial in the management of testicular pathology and if unnecessary orchiectomies want to be avoided