Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices With Regard to Cosmetic Procedures Among the General Population in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background One of the most frequently carried out medical procedures is an aesthetic procedure. These procedures have become increasingly popular in our country due to various factors, such as body image dissatisfaction, the desire for perfection, and the expanding influence of social media. The aim of our study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices with regard to cosmetic procedures among the general population in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study uses a self-report questionnaire distributed via social media platforms with randomized sampling between March and April 2023. The target population of this study is the general population in the western region of Saudi Arabia who are 18 years old and above from both genders. All participants who have congenital anomalies or mental disorders, are non-Arabic speakers, and refuse to participate in the study are excluded. Our data collected via an online self-administrated translated questionnaire survey was designed using a Google Forms questionnaire template. Results The study questionnaire was completed by 477 individuals in total. The mean age of the participants was 27.4±12.9 years, with ages ranging from 18 to over 60. A total of 190 individuals (39.8%) had prior knowledge of cosmetic procedures, and 338 (70.9%) were female. Of the non-surgical cosmetic treatments that people are most familiar with, 37.9% mentioned filler injections. Additionally, the most popular surgical cosmetic surgery was rhinoplasty (73.6%) and liposuction (22%). 85.7% of respondents said social media impacts people's decisions to undergo cosmetic treatments, while 86.8% of respondents said women do more cosmetic procedures than males. Of the participants, only 40 (8.4%) had previous cosmetic procedure done before. Rhinoplasty was the most common undergone surgical treatment (15.4%). In terms of non-surgical treatments, hair removal accounted for the majority (51.3%). Conclusion This study revealed that 39.4% of the study population, the majority of which are young individuals, females, and singles, have a good knowledge with regard to cosmetic procedures due to many factors such as culture diversity among generations, distribution of the social media, and interest differences. We conclude that the social media factor can significantly influence the practice of cosmetic procedures.

An Evaluation of the Effect of Social Media Platforms on the General Population's Decision-Making About Cosmetic Procedures in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.

Background and objective Aesthetic procedures are one of the most commonly performed medical procedures. Surgical and non-surgical cosmetic treatments that are routinely performed include breast augmentations, rhinoplasty, botulinum toxin, and fillers. Several factors contribute to the increase in the popularity of these procedures, including body image dissatisfaction, the opinion of peers, and surgeon-related factors such as the surgeon's reputation, board certification, or years of experience. In addition, recent evidence suggests that active and passive usage of highly visual social media that focus on appearance-centric content have been positively associated with the acceptance of, and desire for, cosmetic procedures. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of social media on individuals' decision-making in terms of cosmetic procedures. Method The setting for this population-based cross-sectional study was public places in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia, and it was conducted from September to November 2021. Our study included adults above the age of 18 years. The exclusion criteria were as follows: non-Arabic speakers and individuals with congenital anomalies or dysmorphic dermatological diseases. The final sample consisted of 364 participants. All analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics version 28 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Continuous and categorical variables were compared using ANOVA and Pearson's Chi-squared test. Result A total of 364 participants were included in the study, and 80% of them used their phones on a daily basis for >4 hours per week. The mean age of the participants was 27.4 ± 8.3 years, and they had a mean BMI of 25.0 ± 6.4 kg/m2; 60% of the participants were female. Participants with a history of cosmetic procedures or a desire to undergo cosmetic procedures reported a similar pattern of daily phone use. There was no significant association between the reported history of cosmetic procedures and the daily duration of selected social media platform use. Conclusion We found no significant correlation between the hours spent on social media and the participants' history or desire for cosmetic procedures. Only 54 subjects compared themselves to social media celebrities. These findings could be attributed to the fact that the Makkah population is conservative in their religious attitudes and traditions, which makes them less susceptible to social media influences.

The Prevalence and Characteristics of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Among Adults in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental health condition where a person spends much time worrying about flaws in their appearance. The international prevalence of BDD had been reported, and it was about 1.9-2.2%. OBJECTIVES: The current study aims to explore the prevalence of BDD among the general population in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that used an electronic questionnaire. It was distributed to the general population using the convenience sample technique between September 2021 to November 2021. BDD was assessed among the participants using an Arabic-validated tool. The sample size was calculated to be 385 participants. RESULTS: The study included a total of 392 participants. Most of them were female (59.7%), 18-27 years old (62.8%), and had bachelor or post-graduate degrees (67.6%). Among all the included participants, only 28 met the criteria of BDD (7.1%). The BDD population had an equal gender ratio, and most included respondents between 18 and 27 years old (78.6%), college students (60.7%), those with the lowest income level (< 5,000 SR) (78.6%), and who had a normal body mass index (46.4%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of BDD in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, was 7.1%. No significant differences were noticed between BDD and non-BDD groups in age, obesity, and gender.

Segmental Pigmentation Disorder: A Case Report of Hypopigmented Patch.

A segmental pigmentation disorder (SPD) is a form of pigmentary mosaicism. SPD is a hypo- or hyperpigmented patch that has a segmental pattern. A 16-year-old male with an insignificant past medical history presented with symptomless, slowly progressive skin lesions since early childhood. Skin examination revealed well-demarcated, non-scaling, hypopigmented patches on the right upper extremity. A similar spot was located on his right shoulder. Wood's lamp examination showed no enhancement. Differential diagnoses included segmental pigmentation disorder and segmental vitiligo (SV). A skin biopsy was obtained, which revealed normal findings. Based on the above clinicopathological findings, a diagnosis of segmental pigmentation disorder was made. The patient did not receive any treatment but was reassured that he did not have vitiligo.

A Rare Case of Atypical Fibroxanthoma of the Thigh in an Elderly Patient.

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare low-grade soft tissue tumor that manifests in sun-damaged skin on the head or neck of elderly patients, although it can occur anywhere else in the body. In this case, we report the presence of AFX on the right thigh of a 70-year-old white female. Upon presentation, she complained of a painless mass on her thigh with no family history of AFX or sun exposure. The mass had previously been managed by incision and drainage, with no improvement. The patient underwent a biopsy, revealing a diagnosis of AFX, which was managed by surgical removal of the neoplasm with appropriate safety margins.

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude Towards Herpes Zoster Vaccination Among the General Population in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

Introduction Herpes zoster (HZ) is a viral infection that occurs due to the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. The vaccination against herpes zoster to prevent its complications has been approved for individuals 50 years of age and older. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and habits of at-risk populations about the varicella-zoster virus and its vaccination. Methodology A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 adults over 50 years of age. Participants were selected by non-probability, convenience sampling from public places. RStudio (R version 4.1.1) was used to analyze the data. Result Eighty-three percent (n = 416) of participants had heard of herpes zoster (HZ). Seventy-four percent of respondents (n = 368) did not recognize the link between varicella and herpes zoster. Multiple linear regression showed that individuals who had varicella and heard about herpes zoster were the only positive predictors of herpes zoster knowledge. Out of all the respondents, 55.8% (n = 279) had heard of the herpes zoster vaccine, but 94.6% (n = 473) had not taken it. Among the respondents, 28.1% (n = 118) were unwilling to take optional vaccines; 77.4% (n = 387) agreed to take the HZ vaccine if recommended by a healthcare professional. Conclusion The general Saudi population had a good understanding of HZ and its vaccine. Their attitudes toward the HZ vaccine were generally positive; however, poor practices were observed. We recommend that arranging national campaigns targeting at-risk populations can enhance awareness about herpes zoster and its vaccine, subsequently increasing the rate of HZ immunization.

Knowledge and Attitude Regarding the Use of Sun Protection to Prevent Adverse Laser Events Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Prolonged sun exposure has been linked with the development of numerous medical and dermatological complications, such as skin cancer. Photoprotection can help reduce ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin damage and skin cancer. This study aims to assess the knowledge about and attitude toward the use of sun protection to prevent laser adverse events among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Methodology This is a cross-sectional, analytical, community-based study carried out among the general population (sunscreen users) in Saudi Arabia. A total of 600 participants were enrolled in the study. Data were collected using a validated online self-administered questionnaire using Google Forms. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 600 sunscreen users were enrolled in this study, with an overall poor knowledge rate of 471 (78.5%) regarding the use of sun protection methods. Their ages ranged from 18 years to >55 years. The majority of them were females (537, 89.5%), had Saudi Nationality (533, 88.8%), and had skin type III (313, 52.2%). Almost all the participants (491, 81.9%) had undergone laser treatment before; the most reported reason was hair removal (522, 87%). In addition, 267 (44.5%) participants used sunscreens five to six times a week, with 440 (73.3%) also using sunglasses. Notably, only 91 (15.2%) of the study participants were aware that sunscreen covers UVA and UVB, and 34 (5.7%) knew that PA+++ is used in sunscreen. A total of 149 (24.8%) reported that sunscreen should be applied 20 to 30 minutes before sun exposure, while 153 (25.5%) stated that it should be reapplied every two hours. Moreover, 484 (80.7%) participants reported using topical steroid application after laser treatment. The results also showed that young participants (P = 0.001), single participants (P = 0.001), post-graduate participants (P = 0.010), students rather than the unemployed group (P = 0.002), and those who used sunscreens five to six times per week compared to those who never used sunscreens (P = 0.001) demonstrated an overall good knowledge about sunscreens and laser treatment. Conclusions The study showed poor knowledge among the participants regarding the use of sun protection to prevent adverse laser events. Therefore, an increase in awareness among the general public about the protection through campaigns is highly recommended.

Primary Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison's Disease) Presenting as Sun Tan-Like Skin Pigmentation: A Case Report.

Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), also known as Addison's disease (AD), is a condition resulting from adrenal gland diseases that lead to glucocorticoid and/or mineralocorticoid deficiency, in addition to androgen deficiency in females. Here, we report a 40-year-old male indoor worker with an insignificant past medical history who presented to the dermatology clinic with a history of asymptomatic, slowly progressive skin hyperpigmentation for the past three years. It was associated with fatigue and weight loss. Skin examination revealed diffuse, non-scaly hyperpigmented patches on his face, dorsae of the hands, and palms. Early morning cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) serum levels were 1.00 µg/dl (5.0-19.4 µg/dl) and 2000 pg/mL (7.2-63.3 pg/mL), respectively. Based on the above clinical and laboratory findings, a diagnosis of AD was made. The patient was started on the following medications for 14 days: hydrocortisone 20 mg in divided doses (15 mg am/5 mg pm) and fludrocortisone 0.1 mg once daily (od). On the second visit, the patient's symptoms (both the cutaneous hyperpigmentation and fatigue) significantly improved, but he was complaining of edema in both upper and lower limbs, so the dose of fludrocortisone was reduced to 0.05 mg od.

Behaviors and Knowledge Related to Intentional Outdoor Tanning Among Adults in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Intentional outdoor tanning is the process through which people expose their skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation to darken their skin color toward brown or bronze. UV radiation is a well-known modifiable risk factor for photoaging, photoallergic reactions, and phototoxicity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the behaviors and knowledge of intentional outdoor tanning among adults in the western region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1023 adults from the general population who met the eligibility criteria. Data were collected in October and November 2022 using an electronic questionnaire to assess the sociodemographic data, behaviors, and knowledge of the participants related to intentional outdoor tanning. RESULTS: Overall, 24.5% of the participants intentionally tanned outdoors, the majority of which (203, 80.9%) were exposed to the sun for more than 20 minutes. The participants who intentionally tan outdoors were significantly younger than those who do not (32 ± 10.7 vs. 38.4 ± 13.9, respectively, P <0.001). Most of the participants had good knowledge of the disadvantages of sun exposure on the skin (61.3%). Additionally, good knowledge was significantly more prevalent in women (70.3%) than men (48.6%) (P <0.001). CONCLUSION: Individuals who intentionally tan outdoors engage in other behaviors or beliefs that increase exposure to UV rays. This points to the need for comprehensive interventions such as community-counseling campaigns to address these new trends and their relationship with photoaging and skin cancer.