ABSTRACT
Various stages of life, scientific research and pedagogical activity of Prof. Mikhail P. Nikolaev are considered. The importance of his works in drug evaluation, endocrinological pharmacology, pharmacology of heart and vessels, pathological pharmacology, and discovery of drugs for organotherapy is shown. Prof. M. P. Nikolaev's effort in training research staff and teachers in pharmacology and his own teaching experience in medical and pharmaceutical universities are summarized. The activity of Prof. M. P. Nikolaev in military pharmacology is analyzed. The role of Prof. M. P. Nikolaev in establishing Russian journal Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Parmacology and Toxicology) and creating All-Union Scientific Society of Pharmacologists in the USSR is emnhasized.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Graduate/history , Pharmacology/education , Pharmacology/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Portraits as Topic , RussiaABSTRACT
Various stages of the creative activity of Professor A. A. Sokolovsky have been analyzed. Sequential formation of his scientific outlook is shown and the history of creation of his basic hypotheses and ideas about the action of drugs is outlined. Manuals and textbooks on pharmacology, created by Prof. A. A. Sokolovsky, are considered. Peculiarities of teaching pharmacology introduced by Prof. A. A. Sokolovsky at the medical faculty of Imperial Moscow University are discussed.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical/history , Pharmacology/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , Russia (Pre-1917)ABSTRACT
Various stages of scientific research activity of Prof. Vladimir V. Nikolaev are analyzed. The importance of Prof. Nikolaev's discovery of the two-neuron parasympathetic nervous system and some new methods of pharmacological substances evaluation is shown. Prof. Nikolaev is known as the editor of the first USSR Pharmacopoeia. Peculiarities of pharmacology teaching at the First Moscow Medical institute under conditions of changing social demands are described. Successful research of Prof. Nikolaev with colleagues in studying new mechanisms of drug action and developing original pharmacological substances is summarized.
Subject(s)
Pharmacology, Clinical/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Pharmacopoeias as Topic/history , RussiaSubject(s)
Folic Acid/metabolism , Aminopterin/metabolism , Animals , Aspartic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Aspartic Acid/metabolism , Biological Transport , Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/metabolism , Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Carrier Proteins/metabolism , Cell Membrane Permeability/drug effects , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Diffusion , Folic Acid Antagonists/pharmacology , Humans , Intestinal Absorption , Lactobacillus/metabolism , Leukemia L1210/metabolism , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Methotrexate/metabolism , Protein Binding , Rats , Streptococcus/metabolism , Sulfhydryl Compounds/pharmacology , Tetrahydrofolates/metabolismABSTRACT
Experiments were conducted on albino mice; it was shown that preliminary injection of tetanus toxoid enhanced the animal resistance to tetanus toxin, this being expressed in increase in LD50. The effect increased the higher doses of the toxoid and their fractional injection. By using protagon and crude mitochondrial fraction isolated from the brain as a receptor of tetanus toxin in the nervous tissue there were established competitive relations for the receptor between the tetanus toxoid and the toxin. The results of investigations confirmed the authors' earlier statement that the molecule of the tetanus toxin contained different functional groups responsible for the toxin binding with the receptor in the nervous tissue, for the pathogenic action of the toxin and for the binding of the toxin with antitoxin.
