Pityriasis rosea and pityriasis rosea-like eruption after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a report of five cases and review of the literature.

Only a few cases of pityriasis rosea (PR)/pityriasis rosea-like eruption (PRLE) after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have been reported. In the period May 2021- February 2022 we observed five cases of clinically typical PR that appeared 2 to 3 weeks after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination with BNT162b2 (3 patients) or mRNA- 1273 (2 patients). In 4 patients PR appeared after the first vaccination; in one patient after the second one. In 3 patients a biopsy for histopathological examinations was carried out. Results were typical for PR. In all patients laboratory examinations were within normal ranges. All patients were treated with cetirizine. Complete remission was observed within 14-30 days. Four patients were subjected to the second vaccination, but no skin lesions appeared. All patients are currently in good general health. It is possible that a relationship between anti- Sars-CoV-2 vaccination and PR/PRLE exists; however, it is very rare, in consideration of millions of vaccinated subjects and the low number of reported cases of PR/PRLE. The pathogenesis of this relationship is unknown. However, some hypotheses may be advanced: PR/PRLE following anti-Sars-CoV-2 vaccination may be just a coincidence; anti-Sars-CoV-2 vaccines cause a reactivation of HHV-6 and/or HHV-7; vaccines can induce a delayed hypersensitivity response clinically similar to drug-induced PRLE.

A Second Case of Gobello Nevus Syndrome.

An uncommon type of epidermal nevus characterized by hyperpigmented hyperkeratotic bands following a Blaschko-linear pattern and generalized follicular hyperkeratosis were observed in a 17-year-old male patient who additionally showed tufted hair folliculitis on the scalp and clinodactyly of the fifth finger of both hands. The combination of epidermal nevus with skeletal abnormalities was first described by Gobello et al. [Dermatology 2000;201:51-55] as a new epidermal nevus syndrome that was named after the first author of this work. Our case shows identical clinical and histopathological features and represents the second case of this rare syndrome reported in the literature.

Rapidly Invasive Buschke-Löwenstein Tumor Associated With Human Papillomavirus Types 6 and 52.

Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, or giant condyloma acuminatum, represents a rare, sexually transmitted disorder, with a slow evolution and the tendency to infiltrate in the adjacent tissues associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). This article reports the first case of male Buschke-Löwenstein tumor associated with HPV6 and HPV52.

ERK-dependent downregulation of the atypical chemokine receptor D6 drives tumor aggressiveness in Kaposi sarcoma.

D6 is an atypical chemokine receptor acting as a decoy and scavenger for inflammatory CC chemokines expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells. Here, we report that D6 is expressed in Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a tumor ontogenetically related to the lymphatic endothelium. Both in human tumors and in an experimental model, D6 expression levels were inversely correlated with tumor aggressiveness and increased infiltration of proangiogenic macrophages. Inhibition of monocyte recruitment reduced the growth of tumors, while adoptive transfer of wild-type, but not CCR2(-/-) macrophages, increased the growth rate of D6-competent neoplasms. In the KS model with the B-Raf V600E-activating mutation, inhibition of B-Raf or the downstream ERK pathway induced D6 expression; in progressing human KS tumors, the activation of ERK correlates with reduced levels of D6 expression. These results indicate that activation of the K-Ras-B-Raf-ERK pathway during KS progression downregulates D6 expression, which unleashes chemokine-mediated macrophage recruitment and their acquisition of an M2-like phenotype supporting angiogenesis and tumor growth. Combined targeting of CCR2 and the ERK pathway should be considered as a therapeutic option for patients with KS.

Familial papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer.

Papular epidermal nevus with "skyline" basal cell layer (PENS), a novel keratinocytic nevus, has recently been described as a mosaic condition with varying presentations. We herein describe typical PENS lesions, which usually occur sporadically, affecting two members of the same family. The concept of paradominant inheritance is proposed to explain the paradox of occasional transmission of normally sporadically occurring traits.

Anaplastic Kaposi's sarcoma: a study of eight patients.

Anaplastic Kaposi's sarcoma is a rare form of vascular tumor, clinically notable for its high local aggressiveness, propensity for deep invasion and increased metastatic capacity. This cancer arises in patients with a history of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) and because of its rarity, few clinical data are available. To gain insight into this rare disease, we present eight cases of anaplastic KS which developed in eight out of 578 (1.4%) patients suffering from classic KS and followed in our department over a period of 30 years. Clinically, seven patients presented with deep tissue invasion. All the anaplastic cases underwent systemic chemotherapy and five received a non-conservative surgical therapy. Four (50%) out of the eight patients are now in complete remission, while three (37.5%) of them died of anaplastic Kaposi's sarcoma and one (12.5%) died of pneumonia after an excellent response to chemotherapy alone. Our findings suggest that in patients with anaplastic KS, non-conservative surgery associated with systemic chemotherapy may lead to complete remission, avoiding the poor outcome reported in previous cases.

Diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma in a child with common variable immunodeficiency.

Diffuse plane xanthoma is extremely rare in children. Although it may be associated with systemic disorders, its etiology remains obscure in a number of patients. The case of a boy with common variable immunodeficiency and normal serum lipid levels, who developed diffuse plane xanthoma during treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, is reported.

Granulomatous tattoo reaction induced by intense pulse light treatment.

Cosmetic tattooing involves implantation of pigments into the dermis in order to create a permanent makeup. Here, we report a case of sarcoidal granulomatous reaction to old cosmetic tattoos after an intense pulsed light (IPL) treatment for facial skin rejuvenation. We consider this case as a peculiar example of photo-induced reaction to tattoo. In addition, we hypothesize that an underlying immune dysfunction was present, and acted as a predisposing factor for this unusual response, as the patient had suffered from an episode of acute pulmonary sarcoidosis 15 years before. Overall, our observation suggests that IPL treatment should be used cautiously in patients with tattoos, especially when a history of autoimmune disease is present.

"Hairy" granular cell tumor.

The occurrence of a solitary subcutaneous granular cell tumor characterized by overlying hypertrichosis in a child is reported. Granular cell tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous neoplasms associated hypertrichosis in the pediatric patient.