Microscopio agglutination test: Variables that affect the time of serological confirmation of human leptospirosis cases / Test de microaglutinación: variables que afectan el tiempo de confirmación de los casos humanos de leptospirosis

Abstrac Leptospirosis is considered an endemic disease in Buenos Aires province, Argentina,with human cases reported annually from rural and urban areas. The aim of the study was todescribe the variables that influence the delay in the serological confirmation of leptospirosisin human cases (period 2006-2014) from Buenos Aires province. Sixty-four percent (64%) ofcases could be confirmed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with the first sample. The time of confirmation of the human leptospirosis cases was on average 21 days from the onset of the first clinical signs, and varied depending on the distance of the different sanitary regions. The geographical distribution of the confirmed leptospirosis human cases, in addition to the high number of suspected cases and probable cases (which could not be confirmed by MAT), demonstrate that leptospirosis is endemic and underreported in Buenos Aires province, and that distance and lack of resources could be determinant factors of this situation.

Resumen La leptospirosis se considera una enfermedad endémica en la provincia de Buenos Aires, con casos humanos registrados anualmente en áreas rurales y urbanas. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las variables que influyen en el retraso de la confirmación serológica de la leptospirosis en humanos, a partir del análisis de los casos ocurridos en el período 2006-2014 en la provincia de Buenos Aires. El 64% de los casos fue confirmado por microaglutinación (MAT) con la primera muestra clínica. El tiempo de confirmación promedio fue de 21 días desde el inicio de los primeros signos clínicos; este valor se vio afectado por la distancia entre los centros de salud y los laboratorios de referencia en las distintas regiones sanitarias. La distribución geográfica de los casos confirmados de leptospirosis en humanos, además del alto número de casos sospechosos y probables (que no pudieron ser confirmados por MAT), demuestra que esta afección es endémica y se encuentra subregistrada en la provincia de Buenos Aires, y que la distancia y la falta de recursos serían factores determinantes de estas características.

Microscopic agglutination test: Variables that affect the time of serological confirmation of human leptospirosis cases.

Leptospirosis is considered an endemic disease in Buenos Aires province, Argentina, with human cases reported annually from rural and urban areas. The aim of the study was to describe the variables that influence the delay in the serological confirmation of leptospirosis in human cases (period 2006-2014) from Buenos Aires province. Sixty-four percent (64%) of cases could be confirmed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with the first sample. The time of confirmation of the human leptospirosis cases was on average 21 days from the onset of the first clinical signs, and varied depending on the distance of the different sanitary regions. The geographical distribution of the confirmed leptospirosis human cases, in addition to the high number of suspected cases and probable cases (which could not be confirmed by MAT), demonstrate that leptospirosis is endemic and underreported in Buenos Aires province, and that distance and lack of resources could be determinant factors of this situation.

Fusarium poae Pathogenicity and Mycotoxin Accumulation on Selected Wheat and Barley Genotypes at a Single Location in Argentina.

Fusarium poae is a relatively weak pathogen with increasing importance in cereal grains, principally due to its capacity to produce several mycotoxins. In this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity and toxin accumulation of individual F. poae isolates on wheat and barley under natural conditions for 3 years. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences for year-genotype, year-isolate, genotype-isolate, and year-genotype-isolate interactions for both incidence and disease severity. Based on contrast analysis, 'Apogee' was more susceptible than the other wheat genotypes, wheat genotypes were more susceptible than barley genotypes, durum wheat genotypes were more susceptible than bread wheat genotypes, and barley genotype 'Scarlett' had greater symptom development per spike than the other barley genotypes. Neither HT-2 nor T-2 toxins were detected in the grain samples. However, high levels of nivalenol were found in both wheat and barley samples. The increased reported isolation of F. poae from wheat and barley and the high capacity of this fungus to produce nivalenol underlie the need for more studies on F. poae-host interactions, especially for barley.