ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Limited data exist on flavoured non-cigarette tobacco product (NCTP) use among US adults. METHODS: Data from the 2013 to 2014 National Adult Tobacco Survey (N=75â 233), a landline and cellular telephone survey of US adults aged ≥18, were assessed to estimate past 30-day NCTP use, flavoured NCTP use and flavour types using bivariate analyses. RESULTS: During 2013-2014, 14.4% of US adults were past 30-day NCTP users. Nationally, an estimated 10.2 million e-cigarette users (68.2%), 6.1 million hookah users (82.3%), 4.1 million cigar smokers (36.2%) and 4.0 million smokeless tobacco users (50.6%) used flavoured products in the past 30â days. The most prevalent flavours reported were menthol/mint (76.9%) for smokeless tobacco; fruit (74.0%) for hookah; fruit (52.4%), candy/chocolate/other sweet flavours (22.0%) and alcohol (14.5%) for cigars/cigarillos/filtered little cigars; fruit (44.9%), menthol/mint (43.9%) and candy/chocolate/other sweet flavours (25.7%) for e-cigarettes and fruit (56.6%), candy/chocolate/other sweet flavours (26.5%) and menthol/mint (24.8%) for pipes. Except for hookah and pipes, past 30-day flavoured product use was highest among 18-24-year olds. By cigarette smoking, never smoking e-cigarette users (84.8%) were more likely to report flavoured e-cigarette use, followed by recent former smokers (78.1%), long-term former smokers (70.4%) and current smokers (63.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Flavoured NCTP use is prominent among US adult tobacco users, particularly among e-cigarette, hookah and cigar users. Flavoured product use, especially fruit and sweet-flavoured products, was higher among younger adults. It is important for tobacco prevention and control strategies to address all forms of tobacco use, including flavoured tobacco products.
Subject(s)
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems/statistics & numerical data , Flavoring Agents/administration & dosage , Smoking/epidemiology , Tobacco Products/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Smokers/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , United States/epidemiology , Young AdultSubject(s)
Consumer Product Safety , Device Approval , Equipment Safety , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing , Program Development , Humans , Organizational Culture , Product Surveillance, Postmarketing/statistics & numerical data , United States , United States Food and Drug Administration/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Se han hecho recomendaciones contradictorias con respecto a si las madres VIH positivas deben amamantar. Debido a que los paises en desarrollo suelen imitar las prácticas estadounidenses para la alimentación de los lactantes, se creó un modelo para calcular la mortalidad infantil en regiones menos desarrolladas, donde se observa la advertencia de los Centros de los EE.UU. para el control de Enfermedades de que las madres VIH positivas no deben amamantar. En este modelo se dan estimaciones para la mortalidad infantil con y sin lactancia materna, en varios niveles de referencia y de tasas teóricas de transmisión por medio de la lactancia. Se considera que la mortalidad infantil asociada con la infección por el VIH contraída a travez de la leche materna, es más baja que la mortalidad asociada con las enfermedades de la infancia que resultarían de suspender la leche materna. La diferencia entre estas apreciaciones es mayor en las zonas que presentan niveles altos de mortalidad infantil.
