[Cystoscopy in the assessment of patients with bladder pain syndrome: Results of a national multicenter observational study.] / La cistoscopia en la evaluación del síndrome de dolor vesical: resultados de un estudio observacional multicéntrico nacional.

OBJECTIVES: To study the use and results of cystoscopy and bladder hydrodistension in the objective assessment of patients with Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS), in routine clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, non-interventional, national, multicenter study carried out in Functional Urology and Urodynamic Units of Spain belonging to the IFU Group. 273 women with BPS who underwent cystoscopy at baseline as a diagnostic tool according to clinical criteria and following the routine clinical practice of each center, were studied. The pre and post hydrodistension findings and the scores of the symptom and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaires were described: BPIC-SS, PPBC, PGI-S and EQ-5D-5L. RESULTS: The mean age (SD) was 59 (14) years with a high presence of bladder symptoms: increased voiding frequency (81.7%), nocturia (74%) and urgency (60.4%). 40.7% of cystoscopies were performed under anesthesia and 73.7% uses a standard rigid cystoscope. Hunner lesions were observed in 9.9% of the patients, hypervascularizations (46.2%), glomerulations (23.4%), mild bleeding (6.6%) and scars (2.2%). After hydrodistension, a greater number of grade 1 and 2 lesions were observed. In 51.6% of the patients there were no changes, but in 27.5% slight changes were observed and in 11.4% moderate or severe changes. Symptom and HRQoL questionnaire scores showed no association with cystoscopy findings before and after hydrodistension. CONCLUSIONS: The value of the cystoscopic findings in the SDV has yet to be defined, although it plays a fundamental role in the differential diagnosis. In this observational study, we did not find a correlation of the cystoscopic findings with the symptoms of the patients, measured by validated questionnaires, nor with the HRQoL.

OBJETIVO: Analizar el uso y resultados de la cistoscopia y la hidrodistensión vesical para la evaluación objetiva de pacientes con Síndrome de Dolor Vesical (SDV), en el contexto de práctica clínica habitual.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, no intervencionista, multicéntrico de ámbito nacional, realizado en Unidades de Urología Funcional y Urodinámica de España pertenecientes al Grupo IFU en el que se analizaron 273 mujeres con SDV a las que se les realizó una cistoscopia a nivel basal como herramienta diagnóstica según criterio clínico y siguiendo la práctica clínica habitual de cada centro. Se describieron los hallazgos pre y post hidrodistensión y las puntuaciones de los cuestionarios de síntomas y de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS): BPIC-SS, PPBC, PGI-S y EQ-5D-5L. RESULTADOS: La edad media (DE) fue de 59 (14) años con gran presencia de síntomas vesicales: frecuencia miccional aumentada (81,7%), nocturia (74,0%) y urgencia (60,4%). El 40,7% de las cistoscopias se realizaron bajo anestesia y en el 73,7% se empleó un cistoscopio rígido estándar. Se observaron lesiones de Hunner en un 9,9% de las pacientes, hipervascularizaciones (46,2%), glomerulaciones (23,4%), sangrado leve (6,6%) y cicatrices (2,2%). Tras la hidrodistensión se observó un mayor número de lesiones grado 1 y 2. En el 51,6% de las pacientes no hubo cambios, pero en el 27,5% se observaron cambios leves y en el 11,4% cambios moderados o graves. Las puntuaciones de los cuestionarios de síntomas y CVRS no mostraron asociación con los hallazgos de la cistoscopia antes y después de la hidrodistensión. CONCLUSIONES: El valor de los hallazgos cistoscópicos en el SDV está aún por definir, aunque juega un papel fundamental en el diagnóstico diferencial. En este estudio observacional no encontramos correlación de los hallazgos cistoscópicos con los síntomas de las pacientes, medidos por cuestionarios validados, ni con la CVRS.

La cistoscopia en la evaluación del síndrome de dolor vesical: resultados de un estudio observacional multicéntrico nacional / Cystoscopy in the evaluation of bladder pain syndrome: results of a national multicenter observational study

Objetivo: Analizar el uso y resultados dela cistoscopia y la hidrodistensión vesical para la evaluación objetiva de pacientes con Síndrome de DolorVesical (SDV), en el contexto de práctica clínica habitual.Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, nointervencionista, multicéntrico de ámbito nacional, realizado en Unidades de Urología Funcional y Urodinámica de España pertenecientes al Grupo IFU en el quese analizaron 273 mujeres con SDV a las que se lesrealizó una cistoscopia a nivel basal como herramientadiagnóstica según criterio clínico y siguiendo la prácticaclínica habitual de cada centro. Se describieron los hallazgos pre y post hidrodistensión y las puntuaciones de los cuestionarios de síntomas y de Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS): BPIC-SS, PPBC, PGI-Sy EQ-5D-5L.Resultados: La edad media (DE) fue de 59 (14) añoscon gran presencia de síntomas vesicales: frecuenciamiccional aumentada (81,7%), nocturia (74,0%) y urgencia (60,4%). El 40,7% de las cistoscopias se realizaron bajo anestesia y en el 73,7% se empleó uncistoscopio rígido estándar. Se observaron lesiones deHunner en un 9,9% de las pacientes, hipervascularizaciones (46,2%), glomerulaciones (23,4%), sangradoleve (6,6%) y cicatrices (2,2%). Tras la hidrodistensiónse observó un mayor número de lesiones grado 1 y2. En el 51,6% de las pacientes no hubo cambios,pero en el 27,5% se observaron cambios leves y en el11,4% cambios moderados o graves. Las puntuacionesde los cuestionarios de síntomas y CVRS no mostraronasociación con los hallazgos de la cistoscopia antes ydespués de la hidrodistensión. Conclusiones: El valor de los hallazgos cistoscópicos en el SDV está aún por definir, aunque juega unpapel fundamental en el diagnóstico diferencial. En esteestudio observacional no encontramos correlación delos hallazgos cistoscópicos con los síntomas de las pacientes, medidos por cuestionarios validados, ni con laCVRS.(AU)

Objetives: To study the use and resultsof cystoscopy and bladder hydrodistension in the objective assessment of patients with Bladder Pain Syndrome(BPS), in routine clinical practice.Material and methods: Observational, non-interventional, national, multicenter study carried out inFunctional Urology and Urodynamic Units of Spain belonging to the IFU Group. 273 women with BPS whounderwent cystoscopy at baseline as a diagnostic toolaccording to clinical criteria and following the routineclinical practice of each center, were studied. The preand post hydrodistension findings and the scores of thesymptom and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL)questionnaires were described: BPIC-SS, PPBC, PGI-Sand EQ-5D-5L.Results: The mean age (SD) was 59 (14) years witha high presence of bladder symptoms: increased voiding frequency (81.7%), nocturia (74%) and urgency(60.4%). 40.7% of cystoscopies were performed under anesthesia and 73.7% uses a standard rigid cystoscope. Hunner lesions were observed in 9.9% of thepatients, hypervascularizations (46.2%), glomerulations(23.4%), mild bleeding (6.6%) and scars (2.2%). Afterhydrodistension, a greater number of grade 1 and 2lesions were observed. In 51.6% of the patients therewere no changes, but in 27.5% slight changes wereobserved and in 11.4% moderate or severe changes.Symptom and HRQoL questionnaire scores showed noassociation with cystoscopy findings before and afterhydrodistension.Cconclusions: The value of the cystoscopic findingsin the SDV has yet to be defined, although it plays afundamental role in the differential diagnosis. In this observational study, we did not find a correlation of thecystoscopic findings with the symptoms of the patients,measured by validated questionnaires, nor with theHRQoL.(AU)

Longer is better than shorter: The added value of the seven-day pad test in the post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence.

AIMS: To investigate the feasibility and reliability of the seven-day pad test (7DPT), the correlation between 7DPT and 24-hour pad test (24HPT), and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) questionnaire, and the different categorization by the severity of each pad test. Pad weighting tests have been recommended in the evaluation of post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence severity, being considered the 24HPT gold standard. Some authors consider that the longer the testing, the better assessment. We propose a self-filled pad weight, the 7DPT. METHODS: A prospective study of incontinent male patients after radical prostatectomy. We carried out the study in two phases. All patients underwent urodynamic study. The first phase evaluated the feasibility and reliability of 7DPT. The second evaluated the correlation between 7DPT, 24HPT, and ICIQ-SF questionnaire in a larger sample. RESULTS: First phase: 32 patients were recruited. Test-retest reliability was excellent, with good agreement between mean 7DPT and 24HPT. The number of pads and mean 7DPT showed a good correlation. Second phase: 72 patients were screened, 51 (71%) met inclusion criteria. Mean 7DPT and 24HPT showed a strong association. Mean 7DPT and 24HPT correlated moderately with ICIQ-SF score. 7DPT and 24HPT agreement with ICIQ-SF groups was slight. As 7DPT captures better days with maximum urinary leakage, up to 12 patients would have been misclassified according to 24HPT (number need to treat for 7DPT was seven). CONCLUSIONS: 7DPT is a feasible and reliable tool to evaluate post-radical prostatectomy urinary incontinence, with a strong correlation with the 24HPT and moderate with the ICIQ-SF.

Onabotulinumtoxina Re-Injection for Refractory Detrusor Overactivity Using 3-4 Injection Sites: Results of a Pilot Study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if repeated treatment with Onabot/A in less injections points, provides similar clinical efficacy, duration, and adverse events compared with previous treatment. METHODS: Prospective data of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO) patients previously treated with Onabot/A according to standard technique. When patients requested for repeating procedure, they were treated with the same Onabot/A dose but with 3-4 injection sites. Onabot/A injection was performed under local or spinal anaesthesia. Pain was evaluated with VAS pain scale. Efficacy was evaluated by the Treatment Benefit Scale (TBS) and attainment of complete continence. Duration of effect was determined by patient reported return of symptoms, and requested for repeating procedure. Adverse events were also reported. RESULTS: We report the results of 21 patients. Nineteen patients (90%) were female, 10 patients (48%) neurogenic, 9 (43%) were under clean intermittent catheterization. Procedure was performed under local anaesthesia in 20 patients (95%). Doses of Onabot/A used were 100-300 units with 3-4 injections sites. According to TBS, 86% of patients improved. Seventeen patients (81%) were continent after the procedure. Five patients (24%) presented urinary tract infection as adverse event. The mean duration of effect was 34.9 weeks compared with 35.6 weeks of previous procedure with no significant differences. CONCLUSION: We consider that treatment of Onabot/A with 3-4 injections may have similar clinical efficacy and duration of effect, compared to standard technique, with limited adverse events.

¿Qué pacientes con incontinencia de esfuerzo tras prostatectomía radical se benefician de la indicacion de INVANCE®? / Which parients with stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy benefit from the indication of an Invance®

OBJETIVO: La incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo post-prostatectomía radical es una de las secuelas más preocupantes para el paciente y su urólogo. El motivo de este trabajo es valorar las indicaciones de la malla suburetral Invance®, detallando nuestra valoración preoperatoria e indicación, técnica quirúrgica y correlación entre los hallazgos preoperatorios y los resultados funcionales.MÉTODOS: Entre febrero 2006 y enero de 2009 se intervinieron 27 pacientes. Todos tenían más de un año de seguimiento tras la prostatectomía, estudio urodinámico y cistoscopia preoperatoria. Se valoró la continencia con el número de compresas/día y el cuestionario ICIQ-UI SF. A través de una incisión perineal se colocaron tres tornillos de titanio con sutura de polipropileno en cada rama isquiopubiana, a los que se fijó una malla de polipropileno y silicona (Invance®) que comprimía la uretra bulbar.Se dividió a los pacientes en dos grupos: buen pronóstico (1-2 compresas/día y sin alteración de la fase de llenado) y mal pronóstico (3 compresas/día, antecedente de radioterapia o cervicotomía y alteración del estudio urodinámico). Se consideró curación cuando los pacientes no precisaban compresas y mejoría si había descendido el número/día(AU)

RESULTADOS: La mediana de seguimiento tras Invance® fue de 18 meses (4-38). Nueve pacientes usaban una compresa/día, 10 pacientes usaban dos y ocho usaban tres compresas/día. En seis casos se realizó previamente cervicotomía y tres pacientes habían recibido radioterapia.De forma global, 20 pacientes (74%) estaban curados y cinco (19%) habían mejorado. El porcentaje de curación en el grupo de buen pronóstico fue del 100% y del 61% en el de mal pronóstico (p= 0.03).No se observó ninguna complicación intraoperatoria. Durante el postoperatorio inmediato, un paciente precisó sonda de cistostomía durante 10 días. Siete pacientes (26%) manifestaron molestias perineales y no se observaron casos de urgencia de novo, erosión uretral o explante por infección.CONCLUSIONES: Invance® es una técnica eficaz, que garantiza una tasas elevadas de continencia en pacientes seleccionados. Se trata de una cirugía reproducible y con un seguimiento a medio plazo, no se ha observado pérdida de continencia y el riesgo de erosión es nulo según nuestra experiencia. Los pacientes con escape leve-moderado, sin alteración del estudio urodinámico ni radioterapia son los candidatos ideales(AU)

OBJECTIVES: Stress urinary incontinence alter radical prostatectomy is one of the most worrisome sequelae for the patient and urologist. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the indications of the suburethral mesh Invance®, giving details on our preoperative evaluation and indication, surgical technique, and the correlation between preoperative findings and functional results.METHODS: Between February 2006 and January 2009 27 patients underwent surgery. All of them had more than one year of follow up after prostatectomy, urodynamic study and preoperative cystoscopy. Continence was evaluated by the number of pads/day and the ICIQ-UI SF questionnaire. Through a perineal incision three titanium screws with a polipropylene suture were inserted in each ischiopubic rami, and a silicon/polipropylene mesh (Invance ®) is affixed to them, compressing the bulbar urethra. Patients were divided into two groups: good prognosis (1-2 pads/day without urodynamic anomalies in the filling phase) and bad prognosis (3 pads/day, history of radiotherapy or bladder neck incision, and urodynamic anomalies). Cure was defined as a patient not needing pads, and improvement was defined as decrease in the number of pads per day(AU)

RESULTS: Median follow up after Invance ® was 18 months (4-38). Nine patients used one pad/day, 10 used two, and eight used three pads /day. Six cases had underwent previous bladder neck incision and three radiotherapy.Globally, 20 patients (74%) were cured and five (19%) had improved. Cure rate was 100% in the good prognosis group and 61% in the bad prognosis group (p=0.03).No intraoperative complications were registered. During the immediate postoperative period, one patient required cystostomy tube for 10 days. Seven patients (26%) presented perineal discomfort; neither de novo urgency nor urethral erosion nor sling explants due to infection were registered.CONCLUSIONS: Invance ® is a safe technique that guarantees a high continence rate in selected patients. It is a reproducible operation and, with a midterm follow up, no loss of continence has been observed, and the risk of urethral erosion is null in our experience. Patients with mild-moderate incontinence, without urodynamic anomalies nor previous radiotherapy are the ideal candidates(AU)

[Which patients with stress urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy benefit from the indication of an Invance?]. / ?Qué pacientes con incontinencia de esfuerzo tras prostatectomía radical se benefician de la indicación de Invance?

OBJECTIVES: Stress urinary incontinence alter radical prostatectomy is one of the most worrisome sequelae for the patient and urologist. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the indications of the suburethral mesh Invance, giving details on our preoperative evaluation and indication, surgical technique, and the correlation between preoperative findings and functional results. METHODS: Between February 2006 and January 2009 27 patients underwent surgery. All of them had more than one year of follow up after prostatectomy, urodynamic study and preoperative cystoscopy. Continence was evaluated by the number of pads/day and the ICIQ-UI SF questionnaire. Through a perineal incision three titanium screws with a polipropylene suture were inserted in each ischiopubic rami, and a silicon/polipropylene mesh (Invance) is affixed to them, compressing the bulbar urethra. Patients were divided into two groups: good prognosis (1-2 pads/day without urodynamic anomalies in the filling phase) and bad prognosis (3 pads/day, history of radiotherapy or bladder neck incision, and urodynamic anomalies). Cure was defined as a patient not needing pads, and improvement was defined as decrease in the number of pads per day. RESULTS: Median follow up after Invance was 18 months (4-38). Nine patients used one pad/day, 10 used two, and eight used three pads /day. Six cases had underwent previous bladder neck incision and three radiotherapy. Globally, 20 patients (74% ) were cured and five (19% ) had improved. Cure rate was 100% in the good prognosis group and 61% in the bad prognosis group (p=0.03). No intraoperative complications were registered. During the immediate postoperative period,one patient required cystostomy tube for 10 days. Seven patients (26% ) presented perineal discomfort; neither de novo urgency nor urethral erosion nor sling explants due to infection were registered. CONCLUSIONS: Invance is a safe technique that guarantees a high continence rate in selected patients. It is a reproducible operation and, with a midterm follow up, no loss of continence has been observed, and the risk of urethral erosion is null in our experience. Patients with mild-moderate incontinence, without urodynamic anomalies nor previous radiotherapy are the ideal candidates.