ABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A anestesia raquídea é utilizada com frequência em casos de cesariana e se algumas medidas profiláticas não forem adotadas a incidência de hipotensão arterial é superior a 80 por cento. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia da fenilefrina quando administrada terapêutica ou profilaticamente para a manutenção da pressão arterial em pacientes submetidas à anestesia raquídea para cesarianas eletivas. MÉTODO: Foram estudadas 120 gestantes submetidas a cesarianas eletivas sob anestesia raquídea, alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos iguais, conforme o regime de administração de fenilefrina. No Grupo 1, administrou-se fenilefrina em infusão contínua, em bomba de infusão, na dose de 0,15 µg.Kg-1.min-1 após a anestesia raquídea. No Grupo 2, foi administrada fenilefrina em dose única, de forma profilática, na dose de 50 µg após a anestesia raquídea e, no Grupo 3, fenilefrina em dose única de 50 µg em caso de hipotensão arterial definida como queda da PAS e/ou PAD de até 20 por cento em relação à média dos valores basais. Avaliou-se a incidência de hipotensão arterial, náuseas, vômitos e do índice de Apgar. RESULTADOS: A incidência de hipotensão arterial foi significativamente maior no Grupo 3, ocorrendo em 85 por cento das gestantes. Nos Grupos 1 e 2, ocorreu em 17,5 por cento e 32,5 por cento dos casos, respectivamente (p < 0,001). A incidência de náuseas foi bem superior no Grupo 3, ocorrendo em 40 por cento das pacientes, enquanto nos Grupos 1 e 2 a incidência foi de 10 por cento e 15 por cento, respectivamente, apresentando significância estatística. CONCLUSÕES: De acordo com a metodologia empregada, o estudo mostra que a infusão contínua profilática de fenilefrina iniciada imediatamente após a realização da anestesia raquídea para cesariana é mais efetiva para reduzir a incidência de hipotensão arterial e os efeitos colaterais maternos e fetais.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spinal block is commonly used in cesarean sections and, if some prophylactic measures are not taken, the incidence of hypotension is higher than 80 percent. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the administration of therapeutic or prophylactic doses of phenylephrine to maintain blood pressure in patients undergoing spinal block for elective cesarean section. METHODS: One hundred and twenty gravidas undergoing elective cesarean sections under spinal block, randomly divided in three equal groups according to the regimen of phenylephrine administered, were included in this study. In Group 1, continuous infusion of phenylephrine, using an infusion pump at 0.15 µg.kg-1.min-1 was administered after the spinal block. In Group 2, a single dose of prophylactic phenylephrine 50 µg was administered after the spinal block, and Group 3 received a single dose of phenylephrine 50 µg in case of hypotension, which was defined as a drop in SBP and/or DBP of up to 20 percent of baseline levels. The incidence of hypotension, nausea, and vomiting as well as the Apgar score were evaluated. RESULTS: The incidence of hypotension was significantly greater in Group 3, affecting 85 percent of the gravidas. In Groups 1 and 2 hypotension was seen in 17.5 percent and 32.5 percent of the cases respectively (p < 0.001). The incidence of nausea was much higher in Group 3 affecting 40 percent of the patients while in Groups 1 and 2 it was 10 percent and 15 percent respectively which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: According to the methodology used, this study showed that prophylactic continuous infusion of phenylephrine initiated immediately after the spinal block for cesarean section is more effective in reducing the incidence of hypotension and maternal and fetal side effects.
JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La raquianestesia se usa a menudo en casos de cesárea y si algunas medidas profilácticas no se adoptan, la incidencia de hipotensión arterial es superior al 80 por ciento. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la eficacia de la fenilefrina cuando se administra terapéutica o profilácticamente para el mantenimiento de la presión arterial en pacientes sometidas a la raquianestesia para cesáreas electivas. MÉTODO: Se estudiaron 120 gestantes sometidas a cesáreas electivas bajo raquianestesia, ubicadas aleatoriamente en tres grupos iguales, conforme al régimen de administración de fenilefrina. En el Grupo 1, se administró fenilefrina en infusión continua, con bomba de infusión en dosis de 0,15 µg.Kg-1.min-1 después de la raquianestesia. En el Grupo 2, fue administrada fenilefrina en dosis única, de forma profiláctica, en dosis de 50 µg después de la raquianestesia, y en el Grupo 3, fenilefrina en dosis única de 50 µg en el caso de hipotensión arterial definida como una caída de la PAS y/o PAD en hasta un 20 por ciento con relación al promedio de los valores basales. Se evaluó la incidencia de hipotensión arterial, náuseas, vómitos y el índice de Apgar. RESULTADOS: La incidencia de hipotensión arterial fue significativamente más elevada en el Grupo 3, acaeciendo en un 85 por ciento de las embarazadas. En los Grupos 1 y 2, ocurrió en un 17,5 por ciento y 32,5 por ciento de los casos respectivamente (p < 0,001). La incidencia de náuseas fue bastante superior en el Grupo 3 en un 40 por ciento de las pacientes, mientras que en los Grupos 1 y 2 la incidencia fue de un 10 por ciento y un 15 por ciento respectivamente, presentando significancia estadística. CONCLUSIONES: A tono con la metodología utilizada, el estudio muestra que la infusión continua profiláctica de fenilefrina iniciada inmediatamente después de la realización de la raquianestesia para cesárea, es más efectiva en la reducción de la incidencia de hipotensión ...
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cesarean Section , Hypotension/prevention & control , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Phenylephrine/administration & dosage , Vasoconstrictor Agents/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Elective Surgical Procedures , Hypotension/etiology , Intraoperative Complications/etiology , Nerve Block/adverse effects , Prospective Studies , Phenylephrine/therapeutic use , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Spinal block is commonly used in cesarean sections and, if some prophylactic measures are not taken, the incidence of hypotension is higher than 80%. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of the administration of therapeutic or prophylactic doses of phenylephrine to maintain blood pressure in patients undergoing spinal block for elective cesarean section. METHODS: One hundred and twenty gravidas undergoing elective cesarean sections under spinal block, randomly divided in three equal groups according to the regimen of phenylephrine administered, were included in this study. In Group 1, continuous infusion of phenylephrine, using an infusion pump at 0.15 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) was administered after the spinal block. In Group 2, a single dose of prophylactic phenylephrine 50 microg was administered after the spinal block, and Group 3 received a single dose of phenylephrine 50 microg in case of hypotension, which was defined as a drop in SBP and/or DBP of up to 20% of baseline levels. The incidence of hypotension, nausea, and vomiting as well as the Apgar score were evaluated. RESULTS: The incidence of hypotension was significantly greater in Group 3, affecting 85% of the gravidas. In Groups 1 and 2 hypotension was seen in 17.5% and 32.5% of the cases respectively (p < 0.001). The incidence of nausea was much higher in Group 3 affecting 40% of the patients while in Groups 1 and 2 it was 10% and 15% respectively which was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: According to the methodology used, this study showed that prophylactic continuous infusion of phenylephrine initiated immediately after the spinal block for cesarean section is more effective in reducing the incidence of hypotension and maternal and fetal side effects.