ABSTRACT
More than 300 cases of severe poisonings with toxic technical liquids were analysed (methanol, dichlorethane, "medium" spirits, ethylenglycole and its ethyl ether, tetrahydrofurfuric alcohol). Various signs of intoxications are shown, clinical symptoms, as well as its dynamics, diagnostic significance, some diagnostic errors and methods of its prevention. A conclusion is made concerning the necessity of a complex approach towards differential diagnosis of acute poisonings with toxic technical liquids.
Subject(s)
Military Personnel , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Poisoning/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Occupational Diseases/diagnosis , Russia , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The studies of peculiarities of aliphatic alcohol metabolism in etiopathogenesis of acute poisoning with methyl alcohol and ethilenglicol have shown that it was reasonable to apply the inhibitors of alcoholdehydrogenase as a specific antidote in emergency therapy. Inhibitors prevent the formation of toxic products by blocking metabolism of these spirits.
Subject(s)
Ethylene Glycols/poisoning , Methanol/poisoning , Acute Disease , Antidotes/therapeutic use , Ethylene Glycol , Ethylene Glycols/pharmacokinetics , Humans , Methanol/pharmacokinetics , Poisoning/diagnosis , Poisoning/drug therapy , Poisoning/etiology , Poisoning/metabolismABSTRACT
The study was performed of 13 acute oral poisonings with ethylene glycol ethers characterized as moderate or severe and resulting in poor outcome in 3 cases. Ethyl ether was responsible for 3 poisonings, methyl ether for 10 ones. It was found, that the intoxication had four stages or periods (initial, latent, clinical, recovery) and presented with CNS impairment, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal disorders, decompensated metabolic acidosis, etc. The paper describes two clinical cases and experimental toxicity of cellosolves as well as the effect of the inhibitor of isovaleric acid amide alcohol dehydrogenase on animal lethality. The results obtained support the suggestion of ADH-participated metabolic activation of cellosolves in the body. The prospects of further studies into intoxication pathogenesis and new opportunities for relevant poisoning management are outlined.
Subject(s)
Ethylene Glycols/poisoning , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Critical Care , Esters/poisoning , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Effects of four main inhibitors of rat liver tissue alcohol dehydrogenase (4-methyl pyrasol, dimethyl sulfoxide, amide isovaleric acid and dioxime benzoylacetic aldehyde) were studied. Constants and type of inhibition of these substances were evaluate. Effects of these inhibitors on alternative pathways of aliphatic alcohols oxidation were studied: on microsomal ethanol oxidizing system, catalase, xanthine oxidase and on aldehyde dehydrogenases.
