[Volume rendering technique in 3D vascular imaging]. / Apport de la technique de rendu de volume en imagerie 3D vasculaire.

We used volume rendering technique (VRT) for generating three-dimensional (3D) images of the vasculature from spiral computed tomography (CT) data sets. This paper describes the methods used for volume rendering and focuses on the specific aspects of volume rendering as applied to vascular imaging.

[Carcinomatous meningitis: rare complication of bladder cancer]. / La méningite carcinomateuse: une complication rare du cancer de la vessie.

The sites of metastases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are nodes, liver, lung and bone, but the meningeal infiltration is rare. Therefore, one case of meningeal carcinomatosis is reported. After cystectomy for an undifferentiated carcinoma of the bladder, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy. Three months after treatment completion, symptoms of cerebellar ataxia occurred and gradually confusion appeared. The initial cerebra spinal fluid showed clumps of malignant cells. The patient died 15 days after the neurological symptoms occurred. The clinical diagnosis of meningeal carcinomatosis is based on neurological manifestations at more than one level of the neuraxis. Symptoms may present simply as headache or confusion. Meningeal carcinomatosis from urothelial cancer seems to show some specific features: poorly differentiated tumour and high frequency of cerebellar symptoms. Intrathecal treatment essentially has a pain-effect. Mean survival time is as short as 20 weeks. The increasing incidence of this neurological complication in urothelial cancer does not only result from an increase in patient longevity but also from possible side-effects of chemotherapy, so as localized changes in blood-brain barrier permeability induced by antineoplastic drugs. Therefore, we may wonder whether meningeal carcinomatosis might not be regarded as an iatrogenic effect.

MR imaging of osteomyelitis and neuropathic osteoarthropathy in the feet of diabetics.

Distinguishing between osteomyelitis and neuropathic osteoarthropathy of the foot frequently presents a clinical and radiologic challenge in patients with diabetes. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 26 diabetic patients to observe changes in signal intensity in the complicated diabetic foot. In every patient with osteomyelitis (n = 13), signal intensity abnormalities were seen within the bone marrow (low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images in 12 cases). Most of these patients had cortical lesions (n = 9) or associated soft-tissue infection (n = 12). Normal bone marrow signal intensity was observed in three of the four patients without osteomyelitis. Characteristic MR imaging findings (decreased signal intensity in bone marrow regardless of pulse sequence) were seen in patients with chronic neuropathic osteoarthropathy (n = 7), who were easily distinguished from patients with osteomyelitis. Conversely, in patients with acutely evolving neuropathic osteoarthropathy (n = 2), signal intensity changes within the bone marrow were similar to those observed in osteomyelitis, leading to potential diagnostic pitfalls. Familiarity with MR imaging findings observed in osteomyelitis and neuropathic osteoarthropathy can help identify these two entities, allowing early diagnosis and appropriate therapy.