ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recently developed detection system for circulating tumour cells (CTCs) using a telomerase-specific replicative adenovirus generated nonspecific green fluorescent protein (GFP) signals because of the co-presence of white blood cells (WBCs) nonspecifically infected by viruses. Here, we established a unique detection system for CTCs that completely excludes nonspecific signals. METHODS: Blood obtained from the patients was subjected to haemolytic processes to eliminate red blood cells. The cell pellets were then infected with OBP-401, fixed, incubated with fluorescence-labelled anti-CD45 antibody to mark white blood WBCs, and examined on slides under a microscope. RESULTS: Preparatory experiments with cancer cells artificially added to healthy donor samples confirmed that CD45 labelling could distinguish GFP-positive cancer cells from WBCs. In 53 patients with gynaecological cancers, CTCs were detected in 21 patients (39.6%) when CD45-positive cells were excluded as WBCs among GFP-positive cells. No CTCs were detected in samples from healthy volunteers. There was no significant correlation between CTC counts and known clinicopathological factors. The CTCs rapidly vanished after surgery or chemotherapy in most patients whose treatments were effective. In contrast, the persistence of CTCs even after treatments was tightly associated with poor response to the treatments (P<0.005). CONCLUSION: The presence of CTCs in our system may potentially be a novel therapeutic marker in gynaecological cancers.
Subject(s)
Adenoviridae/chemistry , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Genital Neoplasms, Female/blood , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/pathology , Adult , Aged , Female , Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis , Genital Neoplasms, Female/metabolism , Genital Neoplasms, Female/pathology , Green Fluorescent Proteins/chemistry , Humans , Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism , Middle Aged , Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism , Sensitivity and Specificity , Telomerase/metabolismABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epithelial cells of endometriotic tissues are difficult to propagate in vitro as experimental material is scarce owing to their limited life span. However, there is an increasing concern regarding their malignant transformation in ovaries. The present study sought to generate their stable culture system. METHODS AND RESULTS: Purified epithelial cells isolated from ovarian endometriomas using microscopic manipulation were successfully immortalised by combinatorial transfection of human cyclinD1, cdk4 and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) genes, whereas the introduction of hTERT alone, or together with cdk4, was insufficient for immortalisation, leading to cellular senescence. We confirmed stable cytokeratin expression in the immortalised cells, proving their epithelial origin. These cells expressed progesterone receptor B and showed significant growth inhibition by various progestins. Oestrogen receptor (ER) expression was detected in these cells, albeit at low levels. Additional overexpression of ERα generated stable cells with oestrogen-dependent growth activation. Soft-agar colony formation assay and nude mice xenograft experiments demonstrated that these cells, even those with additional inactivation of p53, did not have transformed phenotypes. CONCLUSION: We for the first time generated immortalised epithelial cells from ovarian endometrioma that retained sex steroid responsiveness. These cells are invaluable tools not only for the consistent in vitro work but also for the study of molecular pathogenesis or carcinogenesis of endometriosis.
Subject(s)
Cell Line, Tumor/physiology , Endometriosis/pathology , Epithelial Cells/pathology , Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology , Adult , Animals , Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics , Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation , Cell Proliferation , Endometriosis/enzymology , Endometriosis/metabolism , Epithelial Cells/enzymology , Epithelial Cells/metabolism , Estrogen Receptor alpha/genetics , Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism , Estrogens/pharmacology , Estrogens/physiology , Female , Gene Expression , Humans , Keratin-8/genetics , Keratin-8/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Neoplasm Transplantation , Neprilysin/genetics , Neprilysin/metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms/enzymology , Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism , Progestins/pharmacology , Progestins/physiology , Receptors, Progesterone/genetics , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism , S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4ABSTRACT
The cerebellar Purkinje neuron (PN) serves as an important model in studies of neuronal development in the mammalian central nervous system. Dissociated PN preparations maintained in an in-vitro environment with simplified cellular and biochemical conditions can facilitate molecular analyses of neuronal development. Here we describe a reliable method to prepare dissociated cultures of mouse cerebellar neurons maintained with a serum-free, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F-12 nutrient-based medium, which facilitates PN survival and dendritic differentiation. The survival of mouse PNs in this culture was maximized when cerebellar cells were (1) taken from prenatal animals, (2) dissociated with papain, and (3) seeded at a density of 5 000 000 cells/ml or higher. Dissociated PNs prepared by our method from mice of embryonic day 18 (E 18) reproduced several morphological and electrophysiological changes seen in intact postnatal rodents with similar time-courses. Therefore, our culture method offers a useful model for investigating molecular mechanisms underlying postnatal neuronal development.
