Prevalence and associated factors of sexual, psychological, and physical violence among physical therapists in their clinical role in Spain: a national web-based cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent of career-long and 12-month exposure to sexual, physical, and psychological/verbal violence committed by patients or their companions among physical therapists in Spain. Additionally, to identify the factors associated with such exposure. METHODS: This study employed an observational cross-sectional approach. Initially, a questionnaire was developed and validated using a convenience sample. Subsequently, it was distributed via email to all physical therapists registered in Spain in the first quarter of 2022. Individual risk models were created for each type of violence experienced within the past 12 months. RESULTS: The prevalence of violence encountered by physical therapists throughout their careers was 47.9% for sexual violence, 42.7% for psychological/verbal abuse, and 17.6% for physical abuse. Lower values were observed within the last 12 months (13.4%, 15.8%, and 5.2%, respectively). Statistical risk modeling for each type of violence experienced in the past 12 months indicated that the common precipitating factor for all forms of violence was working with patients with cognitive impairment. Working part-time appeared to be a protective factor. Other factors, such as the practitioners' gender, practice setting, or clinic location showed variations among the diverse types of violence. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure to type II workplace violence within the last 12 months among physical therapists in Spain (Europe) is not so high as in some other world regions. Various individual, clinical, and professional/organizational risk factors have been identified in connection with type II workplace violence. Further research is warranted to compare the violence experienced once the COVID pandemic has subsided.

[Developing a questionnaire about violence(s) suffered by professionals in the field of Physiotherapy.] / Elaboración de un cuestionario sobre violencia(s) sufrida(s) por profesionales del ámbito de la Fisioterapia.

OBJECTIVE: Violence in the health sector is a big problem and it has serious consequences. The prevalence of clinical violence suffered by Spanish physiotherapists is unknown. The objective of this paper was to create and validate a tool in order to detect cases of sexual, physical and psychological and/or verbal violence in the Spanish physiotherapists. METHODS: A questionnaire was elaborated according to the available bibliography. It was analyzed by a group of six physiotherapists in charge of the Union observation and management of violence or from Me-Too Fisio movement. Finally, a pilot test was carried out on a convenience sample of fourteen physiotherapists. RESULTS: The questionnaire obtained includes questions about the facts suffered by the professionals in this discipline, as well as the main data on the profile of the aggressor (sex, age, mental condition…), the contexts where violence is more prevalent (clinical field, size of the population where the center is located…), and the main characteristics of the professional who suffers it (sex, age, professional experience…). Moreover, information about formal and informal strategies used to deal with violence and perception of its impact, will be assessed. CONCLUSIONS: The annual use of this tool will allow the exposure of this group of professionals to be assessed specifically and, also, to assess the evolution over time of each violence separately for providing direction for successful policies and training.

OBJETIVO: La violencia en el sector sanitario es un problema importante y con graves consecuencias. Se desconoce la prevalencia de la violencia en el ámbito clínico sobre los fisioterapeutas en España. El objetivo de este trabajo fue crear y validar una herramienta para detectar casos de violencia sexual, física y psicológica y/o verbal ejercida por pacientes/acompañantes/familiares sobre la población de fisioterapeutas de España. METODOS: A partir de la bibliografía disponible, se elaboró un cuestionario que fue analizado por un grupo de seis fisioterapeutas del Consejo a cargo de la gestión y observación de la violencia sufrida por fisioterapeutas o profesionales destacadas en el movimiento Me Too Fisio. Finalmente, se realizó una prueba piloto en una muestra de conveniencia de catorce fisioterapeutas. RESULTADOS: El cuestionario obtenido incluye preguntas sobre los hechos sufridos por los/las profesionales de esta disciplina, así como los principales datos del perfil de persona agresora (sexo, edad, condición mental, etc.), el contexto en el que la violencia es más prevalente (campo laboral, tamaño del municipio, etc.) y las principales características del/de la profesional que sufre la violencia (sexo, edad, experiencia profesional, etc.). Además se recoge información sobre estrategias formales e informales utilizadas para enfrentar la violencia y la percepción de su impacto. CONCLUSIONES: Una utilización anual de esta herramienta ayudará a valorar la exposición de este grupo de profesionales de forma específica y, también, la evolución en el tiempo de cada violencia por separado, con la finalidad de establecer políticas y programas formativos exitosos.

Elaboración de un cuestionario sobre violencia(s) sufrida(s) por profesionales del ámbito de la Fisioterapia / Developing a questionnaire about violence(s) suffered by professionals in the field of Physiotherapy

FUNDAMENTOS: La violencia en el sector sanitario es un problema importante y con graves consecuencias. Se desconoce laprevalencia de la violencia en el ámbito clínico sobre los fisioterapeutas en España. El objetivo de este trabajo fue crear y validar unaherramienta para detectar casos de violencia sexual, física y psicológica y/o verbal ejercida por pacientes/acompañantes/familiaressobre la población de fisioterapeutas de España. MÉTODOS: A partir de la bibliografía disponible, se elaboró un cuestionario que fue analizado por un grupo de seis fisioterapeutasdel Consejo a cargo de la gestión y observación de la violencia sufrida por fisioterapeutas o profesionales destacadas en el movimien-toMe Too Fisio. Finalmente, se realizó una prueba piloto en una muestra de conveniencia de catorce fisioterapeutas. RESULTADOS: El cuestionario obtenido incluye preguntas sobre los hechos sufridos por los/las profesionales de esta disciplina,así como los principales datos del perfil de persona agresora (sexo, edad, condición mental, etc.), el contexto en el que la violencia esmás prevalente (campo laboral, tamaño del municipio, etc.) y las principales características del/de la profesional que sufre la violencia(sexo, edad, experiencia profesional, etc.). Además se recoge información sobre estrategias formales e informales utilizadas paraenfrentar la violencia y la percepción de su impacto. CONCLUSIONES: Una utilización anual de esta herramienta ayudará a valorar la exposición de este grupo de profesionales deforma específica y, también, la evolución en el tiempo de cada violencia por separado, con la finalidad de establecer políticas yprogramas formativos exitosos.(AU)

BACKGROUND: Violence in the health sector is a big problem and it has serious consequences. The prevalence of clinical violencesuffered by Spanish physiotherapists is unknown. The objective of this paper was to create and validate a tool in order to detect casesof sexual, physical and psychological and/or verbal violence in the Spanish physiotherapists. METHODS: A questionnaire was elaborated according to the available bibliography. It was analyzed by a group of six physiotherapistsin charge of the Union observation and management of violence or from Me-Too Fisio movement. Finally, a pilot test was carried out ona convenience sample of fourteen physiotherapists.RESULTS: The questionnaire obtained includes questions about the facts suffered by the professionals in this discipline, as wellas the main data on the profile of the aggressor (sex, age, mental condition…), the contexts where violence is more prevalent (clinicalfield, size of the population where the center is located…), and the main characteristics of the professional who suffers it (sex, age,professional experience…). Moreover, information about formal and informal strategies used to deal with violence and perception ofits impact, will be assessed. CONCLUSIONS: The annual use of this tool will allow the exposure of this group of professionals to be assessed specifically and,also, to assess the evolution over time of each violence separately for providing direction for successful policies and training.(AU)

Manual therapy and exercise in temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction. A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effectiveness of exercise and manual therapy interventions in patients with disc displacement without reduction. METHOD: The authors performed a systematic review of Medline, EMBASE, PEDro, CINAHL, and Google Scholar databases. Two independent reviewers conducted the eligibility and quality assessment of studies. Interventions based on exercise and manual therapy regarding pain intensity and maximum mouth opening as primary outcomes were examined. RESULTS: Ten articles were included, according to the inclusion criteria. Most of the interventions showed statistically significant improvements in the primary outcomes. CONCLUSION: Results show that interventions based on therapeutic exercise or manual therapy may be beneficial and play a role in the treatment of disc displacement without reduction. Limited evidence suggests that exercise significantly improves mouth opening in comparison to splints. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, these results should be interpreted with caution.