Managing cold intolerance after hand injury: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review seeks to understand whether cold intolerance (CI) improves with time and if there is any role for management strategies such as behavioural therapy, surgery, or pharmacotherapy. METHODS: Two independent reviewers used a predefined search strategy to query MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. Articles written in English, Studies of interventions (such as pharmacotherapy or behavioural therapy) for cold intolerance in adult patients with a history of hand injury along with prevalence over time were included for review. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were included, with twelve prognostic studies of the effect of time on CI, four studies of self management/behavioural therapies, and a single study of surgical treatment of neuromas. No studies of pharmacotherapies were identified for inclusion in the hand injury literature. Most studies (76.4%) were either prevalence or prospective cohort studies; no level I or II evidence studies were included. CONCLUSIONS: Cold intolerance does not resolve over time for the vast majority of patients. Behavioral and self-management studies have low efficacy and studies presented had a high risk of bias. There is a lack of evidence for the use of pharmacotherapy in CI and this could be considered for future studies.

Community engagement by faculties of medicine: A scoping review of current practices and practical recommendations.

PURPOSE: Social accountability (SA) is the responsibility of faculties of medicine (FoMs) to address the health priorities of the communities they serve. Community engagement (CE) is a vital, but often ambiguous, component of SA. Practical guidance on how to engage community partners (CPs) is key for meaningful CE. We conducted a systematic scoping review of CE involving FoMs to map out how FoMs engage their communities, to provide practical recommendations for FoMs to take part in CE, and to highlight gaps in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched electronic databases for articles describing projects or programs involving FoMs and CPs. Descriptive information was analyzed thematically. RESULTS: Thirty-eight of 1406 articles were included, revealing three themes: (1) Partners (Who to Engage)-deciding who to engage establishes the basis for responsibility and creates space for communities to engage FoMs; (2) Partnerships (How to Engage)-fostering creative and authentic collaboration, enabling meaningful community contributions; and (3) Projects and Programs (With What to Engage)-identifying opportunities for communities to have a voice in many spaces within FoMs. Under these themes emerged 32 practical recommendations. CONCLUSION: Practical guidance facilitates meaningful commitments to communities. The literature is rich with examples of community-FoM partnerships. We provide recommendations for CE that are clear, evidence-based, and responsive.

Physical health status of music students in a post-secondary institution: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Musicians' health is an essential field of healthcare that is specifically tailored to the needs of musicians, which encompasses multiple facets of health. OBJECTIVE: The research seeks to determine the prevalence of physical injuries in music students and musicians, and to identify possible causes. METHODS: A previously unvalidated 42-item survey was distributed to music students, non-music students, and professional musicians. The questions addressed demographics, physical health, mental health, medication use, and interest in musicians' health. The study was conducted from Fall semester 2017 to Winter semester 2019 at McGill University, with analysis completed in August 2019. RESULTS: A total of 585 complete responses were obtained. Music students (35%) had higher prevalence of physical injuries than non-music students (18%), and professional musicians had the highest prevalence (56%). Multiple factors dictate the prevalence of physical injuries among musicians, including gender, age, program of enrollment, and instrument of choice. Of note, daily duration of practice was not one of these factors. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors were identified through this cross-sectional analysis to be associated with musicians' physical injuries. These findings can serve as a foundation through which physicians and post-secondary institutions may implement changes to better enhance the physical health of musicians. It also cast doubts on previous assumptions associated with physical injury of musicians.

Comparisons of Cooking, Dietary, and Food Safety Characteristics of Food Secure and Food Insecure Sophomores at a University in Appalachia.

Introduction: Food insecurity means lacking access to adequate, nutritious, and safe food. Collegiate food insecurity rates at ten Appalachian campuses range from 22.4% to 51.8% and have been associated with unfavorable health and academic outcomes. Purpose: This study compared cooking, dietary, and food safety characteristics of food secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) sophomores at a university in Appalachia in the context of the USDA definition of food security. Methods: Data were collected using an online questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential procedures compared FS and FI sophomores (p < 0.05). Results: Participants (n = 226) were 65.0% females, 76.1% whites, and 46% FI. About 40% of on-campus and 50% of off-campus residents were FI, and 70% of FI students reported needing help accessing food. Cooking was undertaken "less often" by 61.5% of FS and 55.8% of FI sophomores. Mean cooking self-efficacy scores for FS and FI students were 44.9, vs 43.4, (p > 0.05) out of 52 points. Grains were consumed most often by 40% of FS and FI students and vegetables were consumed least often by 70% of both groups. Mean food safety test scores for FS and FI students were 6.2 1.60 vs 6.6 1.52 (p > 0.05) out of 11 points. Requested educational activities included making a budget and planning balanced meals. Implications: The high rate of food insecurity reflects an ongoing need among sophomores for campus and community food assistance and for educational activities that teach purchasing and preparation of affordable, healthy and safe foods.

Correction to: CRISPR-Based Diagnosis of Infectious and Noninfectious Diseases.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.