Diet quality indices and their relationship with dyslipidemia in adults: A cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Food habits may influence a range of modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) including dyslipidemia. This study was conducted to find whether healthy eating index (HEI) and dietary quality index-international (DQI-I) were associated with the risk of dyslipidemia among the Iranian adults in Shiraz. METHOD: In this study, 236 participants with the age of 20-50 years were recruited from Shiraz medical centers through random cluster sampling. The HEI-2015 and DQI-I scores were computed using dietary intakes based on a 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression was utilized to estimate the relation between HEI-2015 and DQI-I score and lipid profile. RESULTS: Individuals in the greatest adherence to the HEI-2015 was associated with reduced odds ratio (OR) of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the crude model (OR: 0.46 and OR: 0.30). This association was significant after adjustment for potential confounders (OR: 0.40 and OR: 0.31). Also, we observed significant association between DQI-I with TC and LDL in crude model (OR: 0.42 and OR: 0.45). In the adjusted model, participants in the last tertile of DQI-I were 55%, 58% and 57% less likely to have abnormal TC (OR: 0.45), LDL (OR: 0.42) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR: 0.43), compared those in the first tertile. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, higher adherence to DQI-I score was related to lower LDL and total cholesterol and higher HDL levels. Furthermore, in participants with higher adherence of HEI-2015 score, LDL and total cholesterol level were lower.

The association between food insecurity and gestational weight gain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Gestational weight gain has been one of the most important risk factors for adverse maternal, perinatal, and long-term outcomes. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to incorporate the evidence regarding the association between gestational weight gain and food insecurity (FI). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the possible association between FI and insufficient or excessive gestational weight gain by conducting a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, ISI, and Google Scholar from January 1, 1990 until February 1, 2022. Odds Ratio (OR) was pooled using a random-effects model. Standard methods were used for the assessment of heterogeneity and publication bias. Data included fifteen studies with 7651 individual participants from different countries pooled for the meta-analysis. Of the fifteen studies included in the final meta-analysis, seven had a cross-sectional and eight had a longitudinal design. In the pooled analysis, FI had significant relationship with both inadequate (OR = 1.49; 95% CI = 1.26 to 1.76) and excessive weight gain in pregnancy (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.54). In conclusion, FI during pregnancy was directly associated with both inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain. Therefore, changes at a policy level should be considered to increase food security in pregnant women.