ABSTRACT
Elaborate density functional theory (DFT) calculations that include the effect of van der Waals (vdW) interactions have been carried out for graphene epitaxially grown on Ru(0001). The calculations predict a reduction of structural corrugation in the observed moiré pattern of about 25% (â¼0.4 Å) with respect to DFT calculations without vdW corrections. The simulated STM topographies are close to the experimental ones in a wide range of bias voltage around the Fermi level.
ABSTRACT
We explore the spatial variations of the unoccupied electronic states of graphene epitaxially grown on Ru(0001) and observed three unexpected features: the first graphene image state is split in energy; unlike all other image states, the split state does not follow the local work function modulation, and a new interfacial state at +3 eV appears on some areas of the surface. First-principles calculations explain the observations and permit us to conclude that the system behaves as a self-organized periodic array of quantum dots.
ABSTRACT
We report here the reactivity of epitaxial graphene islands and complete monolayers on Ru(0001) towards molecular oxygen and air. The graphene is prepared by thermal decomposition of ethylene molecules pre-adsorbed on an Ru(0001) surface in an ultra-high vacuum chamber. The graphene layer presents a periodically rippled structure that is dictated by the misfit between graphene and Ru(0001) lattice parameters. The periodic ripples produce spatial charge redistribution in the graphene and modifies its electronic structure around the Fermi level. In order to investigate the reactivity of graphene we expose graphene islands to a partial pressure of oxygen and following the evolution of the surface by STM during the exposure. For the exposure to air we removed the sample from the UHV chamber and we re-introduce it after several hours, taking STM images before and after. The surface areas not covered by the graphene islands present a dramatic change but the graphene structure, even the borders of the islands, remain intact. In the case of a complete graphene monolayer the exposure to oxygen or to air does not affect or destroy the rippled structure of the graphene monolayer.
ABSTRACT
We grow epitaxial graphene monolayers on Ru(0001) that cover uniformly the substrate over lateral distances larger than several microns. The weakly coupled graphene monolayer is periodically rippled and it shows charge inhomogeneities in the charge distribution. Real space measurements by scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveal the existence of electron pockets at the higher parts of the ripples, as predicted by a simple theoretical model. We also visualize the geometric and electronic structure of edges of graphene nanoislands.
ABSTRACT
Unusual threshold effects are found theoretically in the frequency and intensity dependence of angular distributions produced by an elliptically polarized laser as well as in the elliptic dichroism parameter, which measures the asymmetry of the angular distribution.
ABSTRACT
Two static-electric-field-induced effects on harmonic generation are demonstrated analytically and numerically: elliptic dichroism (in which the harmonic yield is different for right and left elliptically polarized laser fields) and elliptical polarization of harmonics produced by linearly polarized driving laser fields. Both effects stem from interference of real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear atomic susceptibilities. Possibilities for experimentally measuring these effects are discussed.
