ABSTRACT
In August 2016, a magnitude 6.0 earthquake struck Central Italy, starting a devastating seismic sequence, aggravated by other two events of magnitude 5.9 and 6.5, respectively. After the first mainshock, four Italian institutions installed a dense temporary network of 50 seismic stations in an area of 260 km2. The network was registered in the International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks with the code 3A and quoted with a Digital Object Identifier ( https://doi.org/10.13127/SD/ku7Xm12Yy9 ). Raw data were converted into the standard binary miniSEED format, and organized in a structured archive. Then, data quality and completeness were checked, and all the relevant information was used for creating the metadata volumes. Finally, the 99 Gb of continuous seismic data and metadata were uploaded into the INGV node of the European Integrated Data Archive repository. Their use was regulated by a Memorandum of Understanding between the institutions. After an embargo period, the data are now available for many different seismological studies.
ABSTRACT
Because of increased mortality and reduced treatment response rates in subjects coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), understanding the selection pressures underlying the evolution of HCV is important for the development of strategies to control both viruses. We therefore investigated diversity of HCV in 11 HIV-HCV-coinfected subjects initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Distinct categories of HCV virologic response to suppression of HIV were identified. The diversity of quasi species at several genomic regions was characterized over the course of a 48-week period. Consensus data suggested a shift in the virus population at all loci except the 5' untranslated region (UTR) after initiation of HAART. Intrasubject genetic distance and entropy were highest in hypervariable region (HVR)-1. In contrast, variation in the 5' UTR was limited. Positive immune selection pressure directed against HVR-1, but not other protein-coding regions, was also detected. These data suggest that there are several mechanisms by which suppression of HIV replication and a reconstituted immune system influence diversity of HCV in HIV-HCV-coinfected subjects.
