ABSTRACT
It has been shown that the development of coronavirus infection (COVID-19), especially in severe cases, is accompanied by hypoxia as a result of several pathological processes: alveolar blood supply disorders, hemolysis, COVID-associated coagulopathy. Under these conditions, the level of reactive oxygen species is increased and it is more likely that free-radical damage to biomolecules is caused by the process of free-radical fragmentation than oxidation. In contrast to the oxidation process, free-radical fragmentation reactions are more effectively inhibited by oxidizing agents than reducing agents. Therefore, the use of substances possessing both reducing and oxidizing properties, such as natural and synthetic quinones, bioflavonoids, curcuminoids, should reduce the probability of biomolecule destruction by oxidation as well as free-radical fragmentation processes.HighlightsCOVID-19 is accompanied by the iron release from the heme and «silent¼ hypoxiaROS initiate fragmentation reactions of biomolecules under conditions of hypoxiaBlocking of fragmentation process by oxidizers may lead to mitigation of COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/metabolism , Free Radicals/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2/metabolism , COVID-19/pathology , COVID-19/virology , Free Radicals/adverse effects , Heme/metabolism , Humans , Iron/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Reactive Oxygen Species/adverse effects , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Triterpene derivatives with an α,ß-alkenenitrile moiety in the five-membered ring A have been synthesized by nitrile anion cyclizations of 1-cyano-2,3-secotriterpenoids. Oxime-containing precursors, 2,3-secointermediates and five-membered ring A products of cyclizations were screened for in vitro antiviral activity against enveloped viruses - influenza A virus and human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Lupane ketoxime and the 2,3-secolupane C-3 aldoxime which possess antiviral activities against both influenza A virus (EC50 12.9-18.2 µM) and HIV-1 (EC50 0.06 µM) were the most promising compounds.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Terpenes/chemistry , Terpenes/pharmacology , Cyclization , HIV-1/drug effects , Influenza A Virus, H7N1 Subtype/drug effects , Models, Molecular , Molecular Conformation , Oximes/chemistryABSTRACT
The ability of ascorbic acid and a number of its derivatives to suppress replication of Herpes simplex virus type I was investigated in human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line. In parallel, interaction of the test compounds with carbon- and oxygen-centered radicals formed on radiolysis of hydroxyl-containing organic compounds was studied using the steady state radiolysis method. It has been shown that 2-O-glycoside of ascorbic acid, displaying marked antiviral properties against Herpes simplex virus type I, is also capable of inhibiting fragmentation and recombination reactions of α-hydroxyl-containing carbon-centered radicals while not affecting processes involving oxygen-centered radicals.
