Reality check. The issue of social plausibility in Virtual reality therapy with addiction patients.

In France, virtual reality has been experimented since 2016 to address addictive behaviors. The existing literature insists on the "immersive" dimension of the technology as a significant factor in the efficacy of exposure. An ethnographic approach, however, suggests that the realism criterion should be reassessed. Based on a fieldwork conducted in the addictology department of a French hospital that made use of Virtual reality therapy (VRT), the article shows that it is a form of technical reiteration designed to develop reflexivity about one's actions, provoking the craving so that it can be domesticated. The patient's engagement in "as if" mode is facilitated by the therapist's work in mapping the patient's addictive practices, personalizing the exposure situations, and elaborating the simulation as being part of a practical experiment. While the question of graphic realism does not seem especially problematic, the question of social plausibility can put the simulation operation under strain.

Against the tide: psychodynamic approaches to agitated childhood in France, between crisis and resistance / À contre-courant: les approches psychodynamiques de l'enfance agitée en France, entre crise et résistance

Abstract Is psychoanalysis in crisis? This theme turned out to be recurrent in the comments of professionals working with a psychoanalytical orientation that we encountered during a collective survey on the trajectories of children considered as agitated in France. During this research, we conducted interviews with children and their families, with professionals working in care centres, schools and public administration; we also conducted observations and collected data in care centres. In these places, we observed a diversity of practices, but a clear majority of which claimed to be more or less strictly psychoanalytical or more broadly psychodynamic approaches. After presenting some principles that underlie the psychodynamic approach of agitation, the article discusses the crisis feeling expressed by the professionals met and the reasons that may have caused it. A detour through a reflective analysis of our investigative relationships helps to shed more light on the consequences of this climate on daily work in general and on relations with institutional partners in particular.

Résumé La psychanalyse est-elle en crise ? Ce thème s'est avéré récurrent dans les propos des professionnels travaillant selon une orientation psychanalytique que nous avons croisés lors d'une enquête collective sur les trajectoires des enfants considérés comme agités en France. Durant cette recherche, nous avons mené des entretiens avec des enfants et leur entourage, avec des professionnels travaillant dans des centres de soin, des écoles et des Maisons départementales des personnes handicapées; nous avons également conduit des observations et recueilli des données dans des centres de soin. Dans ces lieux, nous avons observé une diversité de pratiques, mais dont une nette majorité se revendiquait de manière plus ou moins stricte de la psychanalyse, ou plus largement d'approches psychodynamiques. Après avoir présenté quelques principes qui fondent l'approche psychodynamique de l'agitation, l'article revient sur le sentiment de crise que manifestent les professionnels rencontrés et sur les raisons qui peuvent en être à l'origine. Un détour par une analyse réflexive de nos relations d'enquête permet de mieux mettre en lumière les conséquences de ce climat sur le travail quotidien en général et sur les relations avec les partenaires institutionnels en particulier.