ABSTRACT
The first enantioselective method for the installation of the SCF3 group at the C-4 position of azlactones is described in the present communication under quinidinium phase transfer catalysis. The higher performance of substrates containing electron-rich 2-aryl groups at the azlactone was rationalized using DFT calculations.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The relationship between thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine sagittal alignment and craniofacial morphology is still controversial. Evidence-based results are difficult to obtain and scientific studies are inhomogeneous. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine posture and cephalometric values comparing two groups of subjects with different cranial structure in the sagittal plane. METHODS: Eighty-one subjects were consecutively selected and divided into two groups, according to the orientation of the condyle-orbital plane (CoOr) with respect to the superior maxilla (SpP): Group1: 49 subjects 11.6 (2.1) years showing posterior-rotation of CoOr: SpP^CoOrâ¯≤â¯-2°, -4.1°(2.1°); Group2: 32 subjects 12.9 (2.3)years showing anterior-rotation of CoOr: SpP^CoOrâ¯≥â¯2°, 3.7°(1.9°). Each patient underwent in blinding, Spinal Mouse recording and cephalometry of the skull. RESULTS: Group1 showed a significant forward tilting of the spine 4.4°(1.8°) with respect to Group2 2.4°(1.3°) (pâ¯<â¯0.0001) and higher values related to the vertical dimension of the skull: higher maxillary divergency (pâ¯<â¯0.0001), steep occlusal plane (pâ¯<â¯0.0007), higher gonial angle (pâ¯<â¯0.001). DISCUSSION: The results of this study showed a difference in the thoracic-lumbar-sacral spine inclination between groups with different craniofacial morphology. The achievement of this outcome is important to improve our multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment planning.
